The newer approach to management of penetrating neck injuries (PNI) involves the No Zone approach: comprehensive physical examination combined with CT angiography for triage to effectively identify or exclude vascular and aerodigestive injury. This approach, however, has a low negative exploration rate; there is risk of missing occult injuries especially Zone I and III PNI. We report a case of ...

Microglia become activated by multiple types of damage in the nervous system and play essential roles in neuronal pathologies. However, how microglia transform into reactive phenotypes is poorly understood. Here, we identify the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) as a critical regulator of reactive microglia. Within the spinal cord, IRF8 expression was normally low; howe...

My name is Han Liu, I am an assistant professor in ORFE. This is joint work with Ken Norman and Jeremy, Xiaoyan, and Angela. A nonparametric graphical model is a very powerful tool for analyzing complex data; these tools can be published in highly theoretical journals (statistics), but on the other spectrum, you can publish this in Nature, or Quantitative Finance. It is simple, theoretically in...

Perineural invasion (PNI) is a striking biological behavior observed in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). The present study was designed to establish a co-culture model of SACC cells with Schwann cells (SCs), and then study epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the Schwann-like differentiation of SACC cells to investigate the likely molecular mechanism of PNI. The co-culture model...

BACKGROUND Although intima-media thickness (IMT) was increased in several inflammatory diseases, studies investigating whether the inflammatory processes lead to macrovascular alteration with increased IMT in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) lack. METHODS Using ultrasound (high-resolution B-mode), we compared bilaterally the IMT of the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT), the radial artery (...

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is common and, unlike damage to the central nervous system injured nerves can effectively regenerate depending on location and severity of injury. myelinating glia, Schwann cells (SCs), interact with various in around site are important for debris elimination, repair, regeneration. Following PNI, Wallerian degeneration distal stump rapidly initiated by damaged axon...

BACKGROUND Evaluation of analgesics in large animals is a necessary step in the development of better pain medications or gene therapy prior to clinical trials. However, chronic neuropathic pain models in large animals are limited. To address this deficiency, we developed a neuropathic pain model in sheep, which shares many anatomical similarities in spine dimensions and cerebrospinal fluid vol...

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common male malignancy and a mayor cause of mortality in the western world. The impact of clinicopathological variables on disease related outcomes have mainly been reported from a few large US series, most of them not reporting on perineural infiltration. We therefore wanted to investigate relevant cancer outcomes in patients undergoing radical prostatect...

Studies regarding preoperative nutritional and immunologic status have increased. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) calculated based on the serum albumin concentration and the total lymphocyte count was initially suggested for assessing the influence of the perioperative immunonutritional status on surgical risk [1]. Recently, studies have reported an association of the PNI with oncologic ...