BACKGROUND Since 2000, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) and WHO have supported the introduction of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) in the immunization programs of developing countries. The highest pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage rates have been reported (40-60%) in these countries, and the highest incidence and case fatality rates of pneumococcal infections...

BACKGROUND We conducted a retrospective case-control study to evaluate effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine against invasive disease among adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in San Francisco, Calif, and Atlanta, Ga. METHODS Case patients were 18- to 55-year-old subjects with HIV infection who were admitted to selected hospitals in Atlanta or San Francisco from February ...

Description of the eviDence collection methoD: Active searches were made on the Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scielo/LILACS and Cochrane Library databases, using the following descriptive terms (MeSH terms): Vaccines, Vaccination, Immunization, Immunization Schedule*, Immunization Programs, Mass vaccination, Vaccines, Inactivated; Vaccines Attenuated, Vaccines,Synthetic; Antiviral Agents, Antibodies, Viral; ...

S. pneumoniae is a significant cause of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly, and accounts for the majority of the pneumonia deaths among the elderly. We conducted this randomized double-blind study to evaluate the immune response to a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and the persistence of antibodies two years after the vaccination in an elderly population in Santiago, Chil...

The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) reduces carriage of vaccine type Streptococcus pneumoniae but leads to replacement by nonvaccine serotypes and may affect carriage of other respiratory pathogens. We investigated nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus in Fijian infants participating in a pneumococcal va...

I caused by Streptococcus p n e u m o n i a e r e m a i n a m a j o r public health problem worldwide. Due to large serotype diversity i n p n e u m o c o c c u s , v a c c i n e s that induce antibody responses against multiple capsular antigens h a ve b e e n d e ve l o p e d . At t h e moment, there are two licensed anti-pneumococcal vaccines for possible use in elderly people: the classical...

LB-7. Immunogenicity and Safety of a 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Coadministered with a Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Adults 50 Years and Older Previously Vaccinated With 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Roger Baxter, MD, FIDSA; H. Jackson Downey, MD; Scott D. Patterson, PhD; Vani Sundaraiyer, PhD; Wendy Watson, MD; Keri Clarke, MD; William C. Gruber, MD, FIDSA; Dan...

Pneumococcal disease is an important cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality. In Britain the estimated annual incidences of pneumococcal pneumonia, bacteraemia and meningitis are 100/10, 7/10 and 0.5/10 respectively. 2 Population aging, and the growing problem of antibiotic resistant pneumococci make these problems of increasing public health importance. The current 23-valent pneumococcal va...

Widespread use of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has led to significant reductions in disease while changing pneumococcal population dynamics via herd immunity and serotype replacement. We performed multilocus sequence typing (MLST) on 590 pneumococcal isolates obtained during the American Indian clinical trial of PCV7, in which communities were randomized for eligible children ...

BACKGROUND An increasing number of parents are choosing to decline immunizations for their children. This study examined the association between the parental decision to decline pneumococcal conjugate (PCV7) vaccinations and the risk of hospitalization due to pneumococcal disease or lobar pneumonia in children. METHODS We conducted a case-control study nested within a cohort of children enrol...