The ideal surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis still remains controversial. There are several methods of treatment and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is one of them. We analyze the results of spondylolisthesis treated by PLIF in term of radiological union, improvement of pre-operative symptoms like back pain, radiating pain and return to normal activities including that of employme...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as a complicated and progressive neurodegenerative disorder is the most common form of dementia and memory loss. On account of the multifactorial etiology of AD, the multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) approach is a promising method in searching new drug candidates for this disease. Here, in this paper more than 500 tacrine-coumarin hybrids have been designed and drug-l...

We present new vibrational (infrared) planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging techniques for CO(2) that use a simple, inexpensive, high-pulse-energy transversely excited atmospheric CO(2) laser to saturate a CO(2) absorption transition at 10.6 mum. Strong excitation by use of a CO(2) laser provides increased signal levels at flame temperatures and simplifies image interpretation. Becau...

Burst-mode planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging of the OH radical is demonstrated in laminar and turbulent hydrogen-air diffusion flames with pulse repetition rates up to 50 kHz. Nearly 1 mJ/pulse at 313.526 nm is used to probe the OH P(2)(10) rotational transition in the (0,0) band of the A-X system. The UV radiation is generated by a high-speed-tunable, injection-seeded optical pa...

Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence PLIF is employed to measure rotational temperatures at the nozzle exit of a free-piston shock tunnel. The ow is at approximately Mach 7 and chemical eeects have been reduced by using a nitrogen test gas and low total enthalpy 5 MJJkg. Vibrational freezing in the nozzle expansion has an appreciable effect on the nozzle-exit rotational temperature, and therefore ...

UV planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) images of hot carbon dioxide (CO2) are obtained in a laminar flame (CH4/air) at high pressure (20 bar) with excitation wavelengths at 239.34 nm and 242.14 nm. Excitation wavelengths are chosen to minimize the contribution of nitric oxide and molecular oxygen LIF signals. Spectrally resolved single point measurements are used for correction of the rema...

XVI CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND 1 1.1 GENERAL DISCUSSIONS 1 1.1.1 TYPES OF FLAMES 1 1.1.2 NO FORMATION MECHANISMS 3 1.1.1.1 THERMAL NO 3 1.1.1.2 PROMPT NO 4 1.1.1.3 FUEL NO 5 1.1.1.4 N2O PATHWAY 5 1.1.1.5 NO2 PATHWAY 6 1.1.1.6 NNH PATHWAY 6 1.1.2 PLANAR LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE 7 1.2 MOTIVATION 9 1.3 OBJECTIVES 11 1.4 LITERATURE REVIEW 12 1.4.1 ANHYDROUS AMMONIA (NH3) COMBUSTION 13 1.4.2 EFFECTS OF...

A preliminary combined experimental and computational investigation is conducted on the mixing characteristics of a strut-based hypermixer in a Mach 3 freestream. The hypermixing flow-field is generated by an injection pylon with expansive wedges to enhance the streamwise vorticity. Two different scalar visualization techniques are used to examine the underlying mixing processes. Planar laser s...