Ashton, J. C., I. Appleton, et al. (2004). "Cannabinoid CB1 receptor protein expression in the rat choroid plexus: a possible involvement of cannabinoids in the regulation of cerebrospinal fluid." Neurosci Lett 364(1): 40-2. Cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the brain are expressed on axon terminals presynaptic to neurons that express fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Postsynaptic FAAH catabolizes ...

Patients with C5 or C6 radiculopathy complain of shoulder area pain or shoulder girdle weakness. Typical idiopathic neuralgic amyotrophy (INA) is also characterized by severe shoulder pain, followed by paresis of shoulder girdle muscles. Recent studies have demonstrated that magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) of the brachial plexus and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the shoulder in patie...

Background and objectives The paraneural sheath is a multilayered network of collagen fibers that surround the brachial plexus. Currently, there are no sonographic data on plexus, which this study aimed to evaluate. Methods Ultrasound imaging datasets 100 patients who received costoclavicular plexus block, using high-definition ultrasound imaging, were retrospectively reviewed. Video files, rep...

The aim of this study was to quantitatively determine the constitutive expression levels of various transporter mRNAs in rat choroid plexus. To provide a reference for the relative expression levels, the expression of various transporter mRNAs in choroid plexus were compared with that in liver, kidney, and ileum. The mRNA levels of multidrug resistance protein (Mrp)1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6; multidr...

introduction & objective: the brain choroids plexus (bcp) plays an important role in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) production, but its characterization is still incomplete. collagen type iv, is one of the most important proteins of basement membrane (bm) and extracellular matrix (ecm) of bcp. in the present study we investigated the differential period of type iv collagen in basement membrane o...

conclusions the volume of the injected anesthetic accelerated the onset of sensory and motor block without affecting the rate of success in our patients. results the onset of sensory and motor block was significantly shorter in the 1.3% lidocaine group than in the 2% lidocaine group (p ≤ 0.05). the success rate of sensory and motor block was not different. the quality (completeness) of sensory ...

1. the oesophageal plexus is in the structure and arrangement of its larger branches constant. ·2 . two trunks arise from the oesophageal plexus, the . anterior vagal trunk and the posterior vagal trunk; each trunk contains fibers of both left and right vagi nerves. 3. these vagal trunks in the majority of instances pass through the oesophageal opening of the diaphragm each in the form of the o...

hirschsprung's disease, also known as congenital aganglionic megacolon, is a congenital disorder which develops due to an absence of neural ganglia in a segment of large bowel. most commonly, the rectum or rectosigmoid, and rarely other areas or the entire colon are involved. in this disease, all three neural plexi, i.e., the myenteric (auerbach's) plexus, the superficial submucosal (...

• Celiac plexus neurolysis (CPN)/celiac plexus block (CPB) is used to treat excruciating cancerrelated abdominal pain.1 • CPN is done via injecting 50%–100% alcohol into the celiac plexus, which is located under the diaphragm at the level of T12-L1 adjacent to the abdominal aorta and the take-off of the celiac trunk.2 • Endoscopic ultrasound guided neurolysis (EUS CPN) has been found to have 85...

1. The following nerves arise from the lumbar plexus; a. Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh b. Obturator nerve c. Tibial nerve d. Saphenous nerve e. Sural nerve 2. Stimulation of hamstrings or knee flexion are acceptable motor responses using the PNS prior to LA injection. 3. Complications of Lumbar Plexus block include; a. Epidural block b. Sub arachnoid/intrathecal injection c. Cardiovascul...