The apolipoproteins of trout plasma lipoproteins have been characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfateglycerol polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The high density lipoproteins (HDL) (1.085 < d < 1.21 g/ml) contain four apolipoproteins, two major species with M, 25,000 (apoA-I-like) and M, 13,000 (apoA-11-like) and two minor species (M, 55,000 and 40,500). The very low density (d < 1.015 g/ml) and ...

Flavonoids are ingested with vegetables and beverages and exert a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease. Studies in animals in vitro and in humans ex vivo on the resistance of lipoproteins to oxidation are not consistent and the mechanisms by which flavonoids protect against atherosclerosis are a matter of debate. In the present study, we investigated the effects of administering diets co...

Clinical epidemiological studies have revealed relatively weak, yet statistically significant, associations between dyslipidemia/dyslipoproteinemia and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Recent large interventional studies, however, demonstrated an unexpectedly robust efficacy of fenofibrate on the development of DR, possibly independent of plasma lipids. To unify the apparent discrepancies, we hypothe...

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) is abundant in serum and associates with high density lipoproteins (HDL). We have characterized the distribution of GPI-PLD among lipoproteins in human plasma. Apolipoprotein (apo)-specific lipoproteins containing apoB (Lp[B]), apoA-I and A-II (Lp[A-I, A-II]), or apoA-I only (Lp[A-I]) were isolated using dextran sulfate and immunoa...

Lipid absorption is a complex process which involves coordinated gastric, intestinal, biliary and pancreatic function. Emulsification of dietary lipid occurs in the stomach and upper intestine where a series of enzymic events also occur. Phospholipids are digested by phospholipases. Colipase anchors lipase to the emulsion surface overcoming the interfering effect of bile salts. The products of ...

RECENT ADVANCES have contributed to our understanding of lipoproteins, their metabolism, and their involvement in atherogenesis (for review see refs. 1 to 6). In this review, attention will be focused on specific types of lipoproteins and the mechanisms whereby they may be either atherogenic or antiatherogenic. Human genetic diseases of lipid metabolism and diet-induced changes in lipoproteins ...

Although it was appreciated at the turn of the century that the lipids of plasma are solubilized by protein,1 it was another 28 years before the first lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), were isolated.2 During the comprehensive efforts to isolate human plasma proteins during World War II, lipoproteins of low density and β electrophoretic mobility were clearly identified and separated...

The key initiating process in atherogenesis is the subendothelial retention of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Local biological responses to these retained lipoproteins, including a chronic and maladaptive macrophage- and T-cell-dominated inflammatory response, promote subsequent lesion development. The most effective therapy against atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease to date--lo...

The concentration of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 (chylomicrons) and apo B-100 (very low density lipoproteins) was measured in blood plasma of healthy young men after an ordinary meal containing one-third of daily energy and fat. Plasma obtained in the postabsorptive state and at intervals up to 12 hr after the meal was subjected to immunoaffinity chromato...