Maczulak AE. Pollution: Treating Environmental Toxins. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing; 2010. p. x+232. ISBN: 978-1-4381-2633-3

into how quantitative trait mapping of a complex behavioral trait can be used as a basis for a detailed candidate gene study. Another recent study [20] shows the promise of using whole-genome gene expression studies in this context, and demonstrates that, rather than structural differences, changes in the expression of Or and Obp genes might be important in the evolution of droso-philid host pr...

Minimal change disease (MCD) accounts for 10-15% of primary nephrotic syndrome cases in adults [1]. Most cases are idiopathic. However, approximately 10% may have an identifiable cause. Secondary causes may include drugs, toxins, infections and tumours [2]. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) mercury, lithium and bee stings are some established causes of MCD. Although some plant prod...

The strains of BT bacterium produce approximately 200 different toxins known as BT-Toxins which are harmful for insects most commonly against cotton bollworms(lepidopteran), butterflies, flies, and moths. So, scientist inserted the gene Bacillus thuringiensis was lepidopteran into crop so that toxin kill pest make resistant. we can get good yield by using simple concept rational plant populatio...

The killer phenomenon is defined as the ability of some yeast to secrete toxins that are lethal to other sensitive yeasts and filamentous fungi. Since the discovery of strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae capable of secreting killer toxins, much information has been gained regarding killer toxins and this fact has substantially contributed knowledge on fundamental aspects of cell biology and yea...

Insects are a promising future source of sustainable proteins within circular economy. Proving the safety insects for food and feed is necessary prior to supplying them market. This literature review provides state-of-the-art overview chemical hazards reared feed, focusing mainly on transfer contaminants from substrate. Contaminants covered are: heavy metals, dioxins polychlorinated biphenyls, ...

Human defensins are innate immune defense peptides with a remarkably broad repertoire of anti-pathogen activities. In addition to modulating immune response, inflammation, and angiogenesis, disintegrating bacterial membranes, and inactivating bacterial toxins, defensins are known to intercept various viruses at different stages of their life cycles, while remaining relatively benign towards hum...

Plants do not produce antibodies. However, plants can correctly assemble functional antibody molecules encoded by mammalian antibody genes. Many plant diseases are caused by pathogen toxins. One such disease is the soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS). SDS is a serious disease caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium virguliforme. The pathogen, however, has never been isolated from diseased foliar...

The occurrence and intensity of harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been increasing globally during the past few decades. The impact of these events on seawater desalination facilities has become an important topic in recent years due to enhanced societal interest and reliance on this technology for augmenting world water supplies. A variety of harmful bloom-forming species of microalgae occur in ...

Alternaria species are mainly saprophytic fungi, but some are plant pathogens. Seven pathotypes of Alternaria alternata use secondary metabolites of host-specific toxins as pathogenicity factors. These toxins kill host cells prior to colonization. Genes associated with toxin synthesis reside on conditionally dispensable chromosomes, supporting the notion that pathogenicity might have been acqui...