makrān or mukrān was a vast region in the south eastern plateau of iran, whose border extended from kerman on the west to sind on the east. this extended area was limited to sistan on the north and makrān sea (sea of oman) on the south. makrān, mākā, mīkā, mukrān, gidruziyā, zhidruziyā, etc. are the names applied to this region in different historical periods. the expanse of this region’s borde...

The effect and fate of dry atmospheric deposition on nutrient-starved plankton in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS; Crete, 2012) was tested by spiking oligotrophic surface seawater mesocosms (3 m3) with Saharan dust (SD; 1.6 g L−1; 23 nmol NOxmg −1; 2.4 nmol PO4mg −1) or mixed aerosols (A; 1.0 g L−1; 54 nmol NOxmg −1; 3.0 nmol PO4mg −1) collected from natural and anthropogenic sources. Using ...

Repeated invasions of European waters by the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi offer a unique opportunity to study population dynamics and dispersal in gelatinous zooplankton. Here we followed population establishment in 2 recently invaded areas, the North and Baltic Seas, and analysed changes in population structure during a 3 yr interval using 7 highly polymorphic microsatellites comprising 191 al...

The Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) dataset on fish larvae has an extensive spatio-temporal coverage that allows the responses of fish populations to past changes in climate variability, including abrupt changes such as regime shifts, to be investigated. The newly available dataset offers a unique opportunity to investigate long-term changes over decadal scales in the abundance and distribut...

Abstract Climate change and deoxygenation are affecting fish stocks on a global scale, but disentangling the impacts of these stressors from effects overfishing is challenge. This study was conducted to distinguish between climate mismanagement as possible causes for drastic decline in spawning stock size reproductive success cod ( Gadus morhua ) herring Clupea harengus Western Baltic Sea, when...

As a result of anthropogenic pCO2 increases, future oceans are growing warmer and lower in pH and oxygen, conditions that are likely to impact planktic communities. Past intervals of elevated and changing pCO2 and temperatures can offer a glimpse into the response of marine calcifying plankton to changes in surface oceans under conditions similar to those projected for the future. Here we prese...

iranian cave barb (iranocypris typhlops, bruun and kaiser, 1944)is one of thevery rareandendemicspeciesof iran. its distributionrangeislimitedina habitat that causes some problems for its conservation. thisuniquehabitatfaces somenatural and humanthreatsand the habitatdestructionmeansthe extinctionof the species. based on, habitat selection for translocation of the species is an important object...