Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is closely associated with cardiovascular disease and evidence already exists on its arrhythmogenic action. Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a unique class of oral antidiabetic medications which recently attracted attention for reducing the total risk major adverse events in series recent, large placebo-controlled randomized clini...

Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit. The role of Pityrosporum ovale (P.ovale) in the exacerbation of acne is still under debate. Objective: To determine the efficacy of topical 2% ketoconazole cream in comparison to placebo in the treatment of acne vulgaris in patients with positive smear for P.ovale. Patients and Methods: A smear was obtained from ...

Information provided to patients is thought to influence placebo and drug effects. In a prospective, within-subjects, repeated-measures study of 66 subjects with episodic migraine, we investigated how variations in medication labeling modified placebo and drug effects. An initial attack with no treatment served as a control. In six subsequent migraine attacks, each participant received either p...

Despite various treatment options for canine atopic dermatitis (cAD), therapeutic limitations still exist, including adverse effects and low absorption ratios. This study evaluated the of a membrane-free stem cell extract (MFSCE) on clinical signs dogs. Thirty client-owned dogs previously diagnosed with cAD were separated into placebo (n = 10) MFSCE-treated groups 20). The treated cream (MFSCE ...

BACKGROUND It is the gold standard to use a placebo treatment as the control group in prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Although placebo-controlled trials can reveal an effect of an active treatment, the pure effect of a placebo treatment alone has never been presented or evaluated. No evidence-based, placebo-therapeutic options are currently available, and no placebo-controlled ...