in recent decades, extensive studies in order to achieve sustainable patterns of cities and settlements have done in the global arena. that two of the most important theory is urban village in the 80’s and timeless patterns of christopher alexander in the late 70s. jane jacobs and christopher alexander’s ideas, in many aspects provide the context for the idea of an urban village. urban village ...

It is not difficult to derive place assimilation within the framework of previous theories such as classical generative theory, feature geometry, or underspecification theory. This is also true in Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993). For instance, if there is a markedness constraint of the type *HETERORGANICCLUSTER, and faithfulness constraints for place of articulation are ranked bel...

The aims of this chapter are to show that there are head direction cells in primates as well as in rats; to describe their properties; to show that a new class of cells found in the primate hippocampus—spatial view cells—are different from head direction cells and from rat place cells; to show the utility of spatial view cells in forming episodic memories; to show how a single network can assoc...

The main aim of this paper is to provide an overview of current debates concerning the role of the mammalian hippocampus in learning with a particular emphasis on spatial learning. The review discusses recent debates on (1) the role of the primate hippocampus in recognition memory and object-in-place memory, (2) the role of the hippocampus in spatial navigation in both rats and humans, and (3) ...

Hippocampal place cells convey spatial information through a combination of spatially selective firing and theta phase precession. The way in which this information influences regions like the subiculum that receive input from the hippocampus remains unclear. The subiculum receives direct inputs from area CA1 of the hippocampus and sends divergent output projections to many other parts of the b...

This paper presents a new in-place pseudo linear radix sorting algorithm. The proposed algorithm, called MSL (Map Shuffle Loop) is an improvement over ARL (Maus, 2002). The ARL algorithm uses an in-place permutation loop of linear complexity in terms of input size. MSL uses a faster permutation loop searching for the next element to permute group by group, instead of element by element. The alg...

We have developed a computational theory of rodent navigation that includes analogs of the place cell system, the head direction system, and path integration. In this paper we present simulation results showing how interactions between the place and head direction systems can account for recent observations about hippocampal place cell responses to doubling and/or rotation of cue cards in a cyl...