The strength and fatigue properties of cast iron samples taken from water distribution mains have been investigated. Specimens were sourced from three sections of pipe which had experienced varying amounts of corrosion in service, enabling the variable of pipe condition to be incorporated within the study. The strengths in four-point flexure of small specimens from the pipes examined were descr...

The Pipes-and-Filters design pattern is a well-known pattern to organize and execute components with sequential dependencies. The pattern is therefore often used to perform several tasks consecutively on large data streams, e.g., during image processing or dynamic analyses. In contrast to the pattern’s familiarity and application, almost each common programming language lacks of flexible, featu...

Abstract The use of statistical models to predict pipe failures has become an important tool for proactive management drinking water networks. This targeted review provides overview the evolution existing models, grouped into three categories: deterministic, probabilistic and machine learning. main advantage deterministic is simplicity relatively minimal data requirements. Deterministic predict...

Natural soil pipes are common and significant in upland blanket peat catchments yet there are major problems in finding and defining the subsurface pipe networks. This is particularly important because pipeflow can contribute a large proportion of runoff to the river systems in these upland environments and may significantly influence catchment sediment and solute yields. Traditional methods su...

corrosion of water and gas pipes is not desirable from the view point of health, economy and nuisances. there are many factors in soil which attack the metal pipes for corrosion. (steel, cast, iron and like). that is why the designer of metal pipes for conveyance of metal pipes for conveyance of water and gas should be aware of these factors and pay nutmost care in selection of pipes and protec...

Over 124,300 heat pipes were installed in vertical support members on the Trans Alaska Pipeline System. Infrared surveys in the early 1980s revealed cold topping on some of these heat pipes. The cold topping was due to an accumulation of non-condensable gases, a by-product of corrosion or chemical dissociation of anhydrous ammonia. In 2000, Alyeska Pipeline Service Company undertook an experime...

This paper introduces shallow geothermal systems as a potential solution for improving the thermo-mechanical performance of asphalt under extreme climate events. With recent changes experienced in climate, earlier infrastructure failure can be expected, predominantly temperature-sensitive flexible pavements. that mind, efficiency terms heating and cooling was comprehensively argued many studies...

Structural deterioration of drainage pipes has been a major concern for asset managers in maintaining the required performance of the urban drainage systems. Structural deterioration is the reduction of physical integrity, which can be characterized through structural defects such as cracks and fractures that are identified through condition assessment. Due to limited budget and the massive num...