Offshore pipelines used for oil and gas transportation are often buried to avoid damage from fishing activities and to provide thermal insulation. Thermal expansion and contraction of the pipeline during operation can lead to lateral or upheaval buckling. A safe buried pipeline design must take into account a reliable evaluation of soil uplift resistance and pipe embedment depth. While the cost...

The vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of flexible risers is a complex fluid–structure interaction (FSI) phenomenon. In this study, we conducted numerical simulation method based on the slicing to study deep-sea with different slenderness ratios and uniform flow velocities. combines finite element model riser structure two-dimensional field slices solved by Fluent solver. was realized self-compiled...

The present sought to draw a comparison between Model Predictive Control performance and two other controllers named Simple PI and Selective PI in controlling large-scale natural gas transport networks. A nonlinear dynamic model of representative gas pipeline was derived from pipeline governing rules and simulated in SIMULINK® environment of MATLAB®. Control schemes were designed to provide a s...

Submarine pipelines failures lead to oil spills in water and may even lead to explosions with heavy financial and environmental damages. Trawl gear is one of the main factors in the failure of the submarine pipelines. In this paper, sensitivity analysis is performed on influence of height and span length alternations on the response of pipeline against the traction caused by trawling pull-over ...

Coupled level set and CFD (computational fluid dynamics) methods are adopted in this work to track the moving gas–liquid interfaces riser of an external loop airlift photobioreactor (ALR) which microalgae used produce biofuels capture CO2 from flue-gas. Modeling behavior gas bubbles is a crucial aspect for fine-tuning operation reactor when inserted into closed-loop biorefinery at pilot-scale. ...

b. Nominative object: AGR P AGR ' s s 6 5 5 5 5 Spec AGR V NP PP s There 3PL are people at the door < LF movement c. Accusative object: AGR P AGR P AGR ' s o o 6 5 5 5 5 5 Spec Spec AGR V NP o John reads a book < LF movement In (1a), the "functional" head AGR enters into a double agreement relation s(ubject) with its specifier: the 0-features of the specifier are copied onto the head, and a Cas...