Excess waveguide bend loss can be minimized through the use of offsets and air trenches. Offsets, used for reducing the junction loss between straight and curved waveguides, and air trenches, which prevent bend radiation loss, were simulated by a three-dimensional, semivectorial beam propagation method. Low loss polymer waveguide bend structures, employing both offsets and trenches, were fabric...

We synthesized a liquid crystal dimer and trimer, which exhibit the twist-bend liquid crystal phase, and characterized their microscopic and nanoscopic properties to identify distinctions in the nature of their respective twist-bend phases. On the microscopic scale, the twist-bend phases formed of each oligomer appear essentially identical. However, while the liquid crystal dimer exhibits a tem...

A plane graph is a planar graph with a fixed embedding. In a no-bend orthogonal drawing of a plane graph, each vertex is drawn as a point and each edge is drawn as a single horizontal or vertical line segment. A planar graph is said to have a no-bend orthogonal drawing if at least one of its plane embeddings has a no-bend orthogonal drawing. In this paper we consider a class of planar graphs, c...

29 ABSTRACT Bend intensive single mode fibers are attractive for fiber to the home (FTTH) applications because they can lower the installation cost and improve the system performance. For in home wiring applications, bend radii in the range of 5 mm are very common [7] and bending losses must be kept minimum. Bending losses of less than 0.1 db/turn will ensure robust network performance under pr...

A numerical study, using the volume-of-fluid method (VOF), has been made of core-annular flow in a curved pipe. We investigated two cases: core-annular flow in a 90◦ bend and in a 180◦ return bend. To verify our numerical method we first compared our results for a singlephase flow in a 90◦ bend with numerical results and experimental data given in the literature. The agreement was good. Thereaf...

JCB • VOLUME 170 • NUMBER 7 • 2005 1016 New bend on budding OPII vesicles form from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Now, Marcus Lee, Randy Schekman (University of California, Berkeley), and Lelio Orci (University of Geneva, Switzerland) find that insertion of the amphipathic helix of the Sar1 GTPase causes membrane deformation that initiates, and eventually ends, this vesicle formation process....

We present new algorithms for labeling a set P of n points in the plane with labels that are aligned to the left of the bounding box of P . The points are connected to their labels by curves (leaders) that consist of two segments: a horizontal segment, and a second segment at a fixed angle with the first. Our algorithm finds a collection of nonintersecting leaders that minimizes the total numbe...

We study Vertex Contact representations of Paths on a Grid (VCPG). In such a representation, the vertices of G are represented by a family of interiorly disjoint grid-paths on a square grid. Adjacencies are represented by contacts between an endpoint of one grid-path and an interior point of another grid-path. Defining u → v if the path of u ends on the path of v, we obtain an orientation on G ...

In an orthogonal drawing of a plane graph each vertex is drawn as a point and each edge is drawn as a sequence of vertical and horizontal line segments. A bend is a point at which the drawing of an edge changes its direction. Every plane graph of the maximum degree at most four has an orthogonal drawing, but may need bends. A simple necessary and sufficient condition has not been known for a pl...