Plant-plant interactions influence how forests cope with climate and contribute to modulate species response to future climate scenarios. We analysed the functional relationships between growth, climate and competition for Pinus sylvestris, Quercus pyrenaica and Quercus faginea to investigate how stand competition modifies forest sensitivity to climate and simulated how annual growth rates of t...

The sustainable use and conservation of forest resources must be carried out with a detailed study the main forest-forming plant species. Coniferous forests form basis boreal ecosystems are great economic importance. Representatives coniferous species genus Pinus, including Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) Scots sylvestris L.), which valuable widely used woody purpose this research was to...

The evolutionary forces influencing genetic differentiation among populations are identified. Natural selection, random genetic drift, and mutations promote differentiation while phenotypic plasticity and gene flow delay or prevent differentiation. Evolution is a dynamic force which leads to instability and absence of any perfection in the adaptive process. Natural selection acts mainly on phen...