background: it is noted that oral contraceptive pills increase the risk of abnormal pap smear but results have been inconsistent across the populations. objective: this study aimed to evaluate the association between oral contraceptive pill (ocp) consumption and abnormal pap smear in women who referred to shahid sadoughi and madar hospitals in yazd. materials and methods: a cross sectional desc...

BACKGROUND Randomized clinical trials of oral antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention have widely divergent efficacy estimates, ranging from 0% to 75%. These discrepancies are likely due to differences in adherence. To our knowledge, no studies to date have examined the impact of improving adherence through monitoring and/or intervention, which may increase PrEP effica...

The present study investigated the use of the oral contraceptive pill in 880 Austrian high school girls. All participants filled in a questionnaire on lifestyle and menarche. Furthermore, subjects on the pill were asked about their preparation, age at first use, reasons why they take it, side effects and oral contraceptive compliance. All 139 subjects on the pill used low dose monophasic prepar...

In healthy young men, administration of a single light pulse (5000 lux for 3 hr) or a single melatonin pill (5 mg) at 20:40 hr under controlled constant routine conditions of <10 lux, yielded a phase delay and a phase advance, respectively, in the circadian marker of dim light melatonin onset 24 hr later. Phase shifts after combining the two interventions were additive. Melatonin suppression is...

Crushers are machines which use a metal surface to break or compress materials mining operations use crushers, commonly classified by the degree to which they fragment the starting material with primary and secondary crushers handling coarse materials and tertiary and quaternary crushers reducing ore particles to finer gradations. This paper focuses on review of a work carried out by researcher...

In 2005, the Clinical Effectiveness Unit (CEU) of the then Faculty of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) ‘missed pills’ guidance (Figure 1).1 Many clinicians criticised this change2–5 as these new rules appeared to be complex and caused confusion at the grass roots level.6–8 There were also concerns that liberalising the ‘missed pills’ guida...

BACKGROUND Optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy is critical to prevent HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) epidemic. The objective of the study was to investigate the best performing adherence assessment method for predicting virological failure in resource-limited settings (RLS). METHOD This study was a single-centre prospective cohort, enrolling 220 HIV-infected adult patients attending an H...