In this issue of Neuron, Mende et al. (2016) report how axo-axonic synapses of interneurons balance the strength of glutamatergic terminals in the spinal cord. The results highlight presynaptic roles of mGluR1 receptors and of BDNF as a retrograde signal to regulate GABA synthesis and tune transmission.

SETI@home observes a 2.5 MHz bandwidth centered on 1420 MHz near the 21-cm line using a short line feed at Arecibo which provides a 6 beam. This feed sits on Carriage House 1, which means that during normal astronomical observations with the new Gregorian dome the feed scans across the sky at twice the sidereal rate. We are using the SETI@home receiver to obtain about 4 4 106 spectra per year w...

The rate limiting step in translating normal and pathological human genetic variations into a deeper understanding of which are functionally relevant, and the development of genetically defined disease models that can speed up and rationalize the discovery of novel targeted therapies, now lies firmly with our ability to quickly and precisely alter any sequence in the human genome, just as we ha...

Local scour around a submarine piggyback pipeline in combined waves and current is investigated experimentally. Based on the experimental results, evolution morphology are firstly analyzed. Then, comparison with equilibrium depth Seq between present data predicted results conducted. After that, correlation dimensionless timescale T* maximum Shields parameter ?cw investigated, formula obtained t...

The integration of sedimentological and structural data in the western end of the Ripoll syncline allows a clearer understanding of the palaeogeography of the area between the oblique termination of the Pedraforca thrust sheet and the frontal Vallfogona thrust during middle Eocene times. In this region, a 2.5-km thick clastic succession corresponding to the Bellmunt and Milany sequences infille...

PURPOSE During crossover femoro-femoro-popliteal sequential bypass (CFFPB) surgery in ilio-femoral occlusive disease, proximal anastomosis of the femoro-popliteal bypass is usually performed distal to the distal anastomosis of the crossover femoro-femoral bypass. If not, it is done with a piggyback configuration. Another method is a side-to-side anastomosis. Its benefit is that this is the only...

Wireless Networks call for enhanced confidentiality, integrity and authentication services because of their inherent weakness. 'Counter Mode Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol' (CCMP) has recently been employed to replace flawed 'Wired Equivalent Privacy' (WEP) Protocol for the provision of security to IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLAN). Meanwhile, IEEE 802....