Since random early detection (RED) was proposed in 1993, many active queue management (AQM) algorithms have been proposed to support better end-to-end Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion control. In this article, the authors introduce and analyze a feedback control model of the TCP/AQM dynamics. Then they suggest the concept of an AQM algorithm that can detect and avoid congestion pr...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of pelvic incidence (PI) on spinopelvic parameters in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) and compare them with those of a normal population. METHODS There were two groups in this study. One group was composed by 136 patients with DLS and another was composed by 120 participants free of spinal disease. In each group...

This paper deals with the design of Fractional Order Proportional Integral (FO-PI) controller for the speed control of DC motor. A mathematical model of DC motor control system is derived and based on this model fractional order PI controller is designed using stability boundary locus method to satisfy required gain margin (GM) and phase margin (PM) of the system. Servo and Regulatory tracking ...

Phosphorylated phosphoinositide lipids (PPIs) are low-abundance signaling molecules that control signal transduction pathways and are necessary for cellular homeostasis. The PPI phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) is essential in multiple organ systems. PI(3,5)P2 is generated from PI3P by the conserved lipid kinase Fab1/PIKfyve. Defects in the dynamic regulation of PI(3,5)P2 are...

Parallel time courses of clinical and behavioural parameters and levels of plasma substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI-PI) were studied in arthritic rats (adjuvant induced arthritis, AIA, a chronic pain model). Acute (14 and 21 post-inoculation days,PI) and post-acute (42 days PI) phases of the syndrome were investigated. These data were compared with those obtained in a control situation (i...

Closed-loop control is a promising deep brain stimulation (DBS) strategy that could be used to suppress high-amplitude epileptic activity. However, there are currently no analytical approaches to determine the stimulation parameters for effective and safe treatment protocols. Proportional-integral (PI) control is the most extensively used closed-loop control scheme in the field of control engin...

We show in the paper that the, so–called, “new architecture” of L1–adaptive control is, indeed, different from classical model reference adaptive control. Alas, it is not new, since it exactly coincides with a full–state feedback, linear time–invariant proportional plus integral (PI) controller with a decaying additive disturbance. Moreover, it is shown that if the PI controller does not stabil...

Phosphoinositides, particularly phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], are recognized by SHIP2 (also known as INPPL1) a member of the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase family. SHIP2 dephosphorylates PI(3,4,5)P3 to form PI(3,4)P2; the latter interacts with specific target proteins (e.g. lamellipodin). Although the prefer...

Despite the central bioenergetic importance of inorganic phosphate (Pi), little is known about the control of Pi metabolism in skeletal muscle, where resting [Pi] is maintained at 2-4 mM despite a highly unfavourable electrochemical gradient, and is partially regulated against changes in extracellular [Pi] [ I ,2]. We have discussed elsewhere how cellular [Pi] can be controlled by active transm...

Background and Aims: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is considered as worldwide and economically significant infection. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of persistent bovine viral diarrhea infection (PI) in industrial dairies of Tehran and Alborz province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 102371 blood samples were collected from bovine of industria...