Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites, toxic to humans, animals and plants. Among the hundreds of known mycotoxins, aflatoxins, citrinin, patulin, penicillic acid, tenuazonic acid, ochratoxin A, cytochalasins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, fusarin C, fusaric acid, and zearalenone are considered the types that most contaminate cereal grain. The majority of the mycotoxins in these groups are ...

Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) was obtained at 2075 and 4505 mg kg 1 Ni In situ remediation (phytostabilization) is a cost-effective solution in soil, respectively. On the muck soil containing 1200 for restoring the productivity of metal-contaminated soils and protection of food chains. A pot experiment with wheat (Triticum aestivum mg kg 1 Ni, the predic...

Abstract Powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera xanthii , is a devastating disease that can wipe out cucumber crop in optimal weather conditions. Disease control management depends mainly on fungicides to inhibit the pathogen. However, they have fatal side effects most organisms. This study evaluated use of natural products as safe alternatives for controlling powdery mildew. The effectiveness a...

Abstract Background Spondias mombin Linn. is a tropical climate plant with wide applications in ethnomedicinal practice. This study evaluates the phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity and chemical composition of plant’s stem bark. Methods Dried bark sample was subjected to exhaustive extraction partitioned into sub-fractions (hexane-ethylacetate, ethylacetate, ethylacetate-methanol methanol) by graded po...

The phytotoxic effect of 2,4-D amine, 2,4-DIBE-butachlor; butachlor, benthiocarb and molinate on rice plants were assessed. Applications of the herbicides at different time resulted in severe phytotoxicity when applied before seeding. Early postemergent applications were also generally phytotoxic, adversely affecting plant growth and grain yield. Late applications 8 to 10 weeks after seeding we...

Thaxtomin phytotoxins produced by plant-pathogenic Streptomyces species contain a nitro group that is essential for phytotoxicity. The N,N'-dimethyldiketopiperazine core of thaxtomins is assembled from L-phenylalanine and L-4-nitrotryptophan by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, and nitric oxide synthase-generated NO is incorporated into the nitro group, but the biosynthesis of the nonproteinog...