Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an economically important virus of flue-cured tobacco. Activation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) by acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) in flue-cured tobacco was studied under greenhouse conditions by challenge inoculation with a severe isolate of TSWV. ASM restricted virus replication and movement, and as a result reduced systemic infection. Activation of resi...

A simple, rapid and eco-friendly method has long been needed for evaluating the compost stability because application of unstable compost in agricultural field causes phytotoxicity. Thus, the CIELAB variables L*, a*, b*, a* x b*, a* / b*, 2000a* / (L* x b*), 1000a* / (L* + b*), chroma (C*ab), hue (hab) and color difference (∆E00) in dried (70oC) and ground composting materials (particle size ≤ ...

The aim of the present study was the estimation of changes in the phytotoxicity of soils amended with sewage sludge with relation to Lepidium sativum, Sinapis alba and Sorghum saccharatum. The study was realised in the system of a plot experiment for a period of 29 months. Samples for analyses were taken at the beginning of the experiment, and then after 5, 17 and 29 months. Two kinds of sewage...

BACKGROUND Residues of veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) enter the environment via application of manure onto agricultural areas where in particular antibiotics can cause phytotoxicity. Terrestrial plant tests according to OECD guideline 208 are part of the environmental risk assessment of VMPs. However, this standard approach might not be appropriate for VMPs which form non-extractable resi...

Diversity of forest trees ranges from monospecific stands to the astonishing richness of tierra firma tropical forests. Such patterns are observed along gradients of latitude, altitude, soil fertility and rainfall. So far, the proposed coexisting mechanisms do not provide a comprehensive and unequivocal explanation of these patterns at the community level. We propose a new theory linking specie...

A study was undertaken to assess the phytotoxicity of citronellal, an oxygenated monoterpenoid with an aldehyde group, towards some weedy species [Ageratum conyzoides L., Chenopodium album L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.), Garcke, Cassia occidentalis L. and Phalaris minor Retz.]. A significant effect on weed emergence and early seedling growth was observed in a d...

Meals produced when oil is extracted from seeds in the Brassicaceae have been shown to suppress weeds and soilborne pathogens. These seed meals are commonly used individually as soil amendments; the goal of this research was to evaluate seed meal mixes of Brassica juncea (Bj) and Sinapis alba (Sa) against Meloidogyne incognita. Seed meals from Bj 'Pacific Gold' and Sa 'IdaGold' were tested alon...