The development of the use transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in study psychological functions has entered a new phase sophistication. This is largely due to an increasing physiological knowledge its effects and being used combination with other experimental techniques. review presents current state our understanding mechanisms TMS context designing interpreting experiments. We discuss maj...

Abstract Introduction Dopamine release in the striatum is known to govern reward, motor, and sleep behaviors. There also exists a link between pharmacological manipulation of dopamine receptors cataplexy occurrence, yet precise spatial temporal dynamics relation onset are not understood. In present study, we evaluate orexin knockout (OX KO) mice during physiological Methods OX KO were implanted...

Electrophysiological studies in eight patients with severe motor system abnormalities are described both before and after the start of chronic electrical stimulation of the anterior cerebellum. With stimulation, at least one of following changes was found in seven of these eight patients: reversal of abdominal F amplitude ratios (flexor/extensor muscles), decreased prominence of F responses, an...

Werdich AA, Lima EA, Dzhura I, Singh MV, Li J, Anderson ME, Baudenbacher FJ. Differential effects of phospholamban and Ca /calmodulin-dependent kinase II on [Ca ]i transients in cardiac myocytes at physiological stimulation frequencies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 294: H2352–H2362, 2008. First published March 21, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01398.2006.—In cardiac myocytes, the activity of th...