This article investigates the secure control problem for cyber-physical systems when malicious data are injected into cyber realm, which directly connects to actuators. Based on moving target defense (MTD) and reinforcement learning, we propose a novel proactive reactive scheme. First, system <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlin...

Most cyber–physical systems (CPS) encounter a large volume of data which is added to the system gradually in real time and not altogether advance. In this paper, we provide theoretical framework that yields optimal control strategies for such CPS at intersection theory learning. proposed framework, use actual CPS, i.e., “true” seek optimally online, parallel with model available. We then instit...

The past decade has witnessed the tremendous scientific and technological potential of nanoscale flexoelectricity in solids. flexoelectric effect describes universal generation electric polarization response to strain gradients could be inversely enhanced at reduced dimensions. Based on this unique scaling effect, shown exciting physical phenomena, promising novel electronic, electromechanical,...