The traditional distinction between primary (observation independent) and secondary (observation dependent) qualities is not based on a difference that can be sustained in the full light of contemporary scientific understanding. An alternative division of physical and chemical properties is proposed. Like the traditional division of qualities, the alternative system has two main categories. Pro...

Antiviral interferon activity in any one species can be exhibited by a variety of substances that differ in their physical and chemical properties, but the nature of these differences is not understood. Conditions that can lead to the formation of diverse types of interferons have been outlined. Reasons have been adduced why, for certain purposes, purification of interferons is desirable or eve...

Water is a major component of all living things. It is anomalous in many of its physical and chemical properties. Some are essential for life while others have profound effects on the size and shape of living organisms, how they work, and the constraints within which they must operate. Many of water’s basic physical properties can now be explained, at least semiquantitatively, in molecular and ...

Microbial functional diversity in four soils sampled in the vicinity of Wanda Glacier, Antarctic Peninsula, was determined using Biolog EcoPlates at 5°C and 25°C. Comparisons of the patterns of substrate utilization and the diversity index showed differences in community composition, reflecting the heterogeneous distribution of microorganisms in this environment. Differences in microbial divers...

Crystallographic investigations deliver high-accuracy information about positions of atoms in crystal unit cells. For chemists, however, the structure of a molecule is most often of interest. The structure must thus be reconstructed from crystallographic files using symmetry information and chemical properties of atoms. Most existing algorithms faithfully reconstruct separate molecules but not ...

The dependence of biological parameters on chemical structure was studied for a series of compounds with similar chemical structures. Computational formulas were developed on the basis of correlation and regression analysis. These formulas make it possible to predict the biological effect thresholds for a great number of organic compounds on the basis of their primary physical and chemical prop...

This study evaluates the spatial heterogeneity of the soil chemical properties of surface soils across a 1 ha old-growth subtropical karst forest in southwest China.

Phosphasilenes, P=Si doubly bonded compounds, have received considerable attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties. We report on the synthesis and structure of a chlorophosphasilene coordinated by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), which has the potential of functionalization at the Si-Cl moiety. Treatment of a silylphosphine, ArPH-SiCl₂RSi (Ar = bulky aryl group, RSi = Si(Si...

Symmetry has been dealt with in a wide variety of elds in both art and science. Symmetry and asymmetry as aesthetic features have been used in architecture, sculptures and paintings. Symmetry and symmetric groups have been de ned in mathematics [31]. Symmetry and it's compliment feature Chirality are basic properties of molecular structure that mediate chemical properties [29]. Though symmetry ...

Since the late 1970's, dozens of researchers, scholars, skeptics and "professional debunkers" have presented their theories on how the image on the Shroud of Turin was formed. Some are based on serious science while others show a complete lack of understanding of the Shroud image or its properties. In this paper, I will review the "proto-photography" theory proposed by Prof. Nicholas Allen of S...