The general stress regulon of Bacillus subtilis is controlled by σ(B), a transcription factor that is activated by physical or nutritional stress. In B. subtilis, each of these two stresses is communicated to the primary σ(B) regulators by distinct pathways. Physical stress activation of σ(B) involves a large-molecular-mass (>10(6)-Da) structure (stressosome) formed by one or more homologous pr...

Significance A DNA double-strand break (DSB) can be repaired accurately by homologous recombination. The Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex is responsible for initiating recombination degrading 5?-ended strand, where its activation the Ctp1 cofactor plays a pivotal role. Here, using purified fission yeast proteins, we show that two major elements comprise MRN activation. First, phosphorylation of p...

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and lysophosphatidylinositol bind to the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) LPA GPR55, respectively. LPA2, a type 2 receptor, GPR55 are highly expressed in colon cancer involved progression. However, crosstalk between two potential effects on cellular physiology not fully understood. Here, using BRET analysis, we found that LPA2 interact live cells. In presence of b...

This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the influence of a 9-month physical activity program on task-evoked brain activation during childhood. The results demonstrated that 8- to 9-year-old children who participated in 60+ min of physical activity, 5 days per week, for 9 months, showed decreases in fMRI brain activation in the right anterior prefrontal cortex cou...

The effect of physical activity (PA) on functional brain activation for semantic memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) was examined using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging during fame discrimination. Significantly greater semantic memory activation occurred in the left caudate of High- versus Low-PA patients, (P=0.03), suggesting PA may enhance memory-related cau...

BACKGROUND Despite advances in surgical techniques, outcomes after spine surgery are highly variable. Recent research has highlighted the importance of individuals participating in, and taking responsibility for, their health and recovery. Patient activation, defined as an individual's propensity to engage in adaptive health behaviors leading to improved health outcomes, has been identified as ...

An instance theory of attention and memory (ITAM) is presented that integrates formal theories of attention and memory phenomena by exploiting commonalities in their formal structure. The core idea in each theory is that performance depends on a choice process that can be modeled as a race between competing alternatives. Attention and categorization are viewed as different perspectives on the s...

The visual world consciously perceived is very different from the spatial array of photo-receptor activation present on our retinae; it is composed of segregated surfaces, organized into distinct objects. An important component of this organizational process, the segmentation of an image into figures and background, is shown to be performed much better in the lower visual field. This finding is...