Daily rhythm of arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA levels in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of rats maintained under a short, LD 8:16 photoperiod differed from that of rats maintained under a long, LD 16:8 photoperiod: under the short photoperiod the morning AVP rise occurred significantly later than under the long one. Daily profiles of AVP mRNA in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei wer...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine whether two different strains of mice, that are reproductively unresponsive to photoperiod, adjust immune function in response to photoperiod. SETTING AND DESIGN Adult male C3H/HeN (C3H) and C57BL/6 (C57) mice were each placed into either a long (LD 16:8) or short (LD 8:16) photoperiod for 10 weeks (n = 15/ group). METHODS Blood was coll...

BACKGROUND: There is not enough information about theeffects of heat stress and photoperiod on different lobes structure.OBJECTIVES: The present study aims at determining thehistological changes and the rate of changes in each lobes of ratprostate, affected by photoperiod changes and heat stress.METHODS:To this end, 15 adult male wistar rats were divided tothree groups: 1. the control group in ...

Climate change substantially affects plant phenology, resulting in earlier vegetation onset across temperate and boreal regions. Phenological shifts caused by warming may alter species interactions trophic levels because of species-specific responses, influence the reproductive success dioecious if phenological sensitivity to (ST) differs between genders. We used twigs collected from male femal...