Surfactant protein A2 (SP-A2) plays an essential role in surfactant metabolism and lung host defense. SP-A2 mutations in the carbohydrate recognition domain have been related to familial pulmonary fibrosis and can lead to a recombinant protein secretion deficiency in vitro. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of protein secretion deficiency and the subsequent biological effects i...

There are conflicting views on the nature of subgroups A, and A2 of blood group A, One holds that the same determinants are present on either, but that there are fewer determinants on A2 than on A, erythrocytes. Soluble A2 and A, substances would thus have the same kinds of determinants, but in different numbers. The A1 and A2 transferases are different enzymes, but the A2 enzyme is less effici...

BACKGROUND Leishmaniases are among the most proteiform parasitic infections in humans ranging from unapparent to cutaneous, mucocutaneous or visceral diseases. The various clinical issues depend on complex and still poorly understood mechanisms where both host and parasite factors are interacting. Among the candidate factors of parasite virulence are the A2 genes, a family of multiple genes tha...

The major dithiothreitol-resistant phospholipase A2 activity present in the cytosol of U937 cells has been purified greater than 200,000-fold by sequential chromatography on phenyl-5PW, heparin-Sepharose CL-6B, high-performance hydroxylapatite, TSK-gel G3000-SW, and Mono Q columns. This 110-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2 is distinct from the relatively small (14-kDa) dithiothreitol-sensitive ph...

O equilíbrio ambiental pode ser avaliado observando as características do ambiente, e da população de grupos organismos específicos, considerados bioindicadores. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar a fauna edáfica serrapilheira em dois fragmentos florestais na Amazônia Meridional, analisando sua utilização como potenciais Foram realizadas análises um fragmento florestal (A1) uma área rec...

Objective: Free-living amoeba (FLA) are protozoa living in soil and natural man-made water systems. They attract much attention owing to the illnesses associated with them their relationships bacteria. In this study, effect of cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained from FLA against Staphylococcus was investigated. Materials Methods: Environmental strains (A1, A2, A3) were lake swimming pools Ista...

Heterocyclic compounds are vital in rational drug design by providing convenient means for the optimization of drugs or candidates. Isoxazolidine (a heterocyclic compound) derived from (3 + 2) cycloaddition reaction is reported to possess anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The mechanistic study chemo-, regio-, stereo-selectivities (32CA) diarylnitrones (A1) ...

The majority of phospholipase A2 activity in myocardium is calcium-independent and selective for hydrolysis of plasmalogen substrate (Wolf, R. A., and Gross, R. W. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 7295-7303; Hazen, S. L., Stuppy, R. J., and Gross, R. W. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 10622-10630). Accordingly, identification of an inhibitor which selectively targets calcium-independent phospholipases A2 ...

Cholera enterotoxin (CT) is produced by Vibrio cholerae and excreted into the culture medium as an extracellular protein. CT consists of one A polypeptide and five B polypeptides associated by noncovalent bonds, and CT-B interacts with CT-A primarily via the A2 domain. Treatment of CT with trypsin cleaves CT-A into A1 and A2 fragments that are linked by a disulfide bond. CT-B binds to gangliosi...

Introduction: We wished to compare the survival benefit associated with gross total resection (GTR) in World Health Organization (WHO) grade II astrocytomas (A2) to those of grade III (A3) and grade IV (glioblastoma) astrocytomas. Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (1999-2010) database, we identified 4,113 A2 patients. Surgical resection was defined as...