Angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NAD(P)H oxidases. The upstream signaling mechanisms by which Ang II activates these oxidases are unclear but may include protein kinase C, tyrosine kinases, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and Rac, a small molecular weight G protein. We found that Ang II-stimul...

Apoptosis of oligodendrocytes is induced by serum growth factor deprivation. We showed that oligodendrocytes and progenitor cells respond to serum withdrawal by a rapid decline of Bcl-2 mRNA expression and caspase-3-dependent apoptotic death. Sublytic assembly of membrane-inserted terminal complement complexes consisting of C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9 proteins (C5b-9) inhibits caspase-3 activation ...

The tumor suppressor PTEN is a putative negative regulator of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. Exposure to Zn2+ ions induces Akt activation, suggesting that PTEN may be modulated in this process. Therefore, the effects of Zn2+ on PTEN were studied in human airway epithelial cells and rat lungs. Treatment with Zn2+ resulted in a significant reduction in levels of PTEN protein in a ...

IGF-I stimulation of cell proliferation and c-Fos expression in skeletal muscle cells is markedly enhanced by dexamethasone. The effect of dexamethasone is not mediated by changes in IGF-binding proteins, as evidenced by similar effects of dexamethasone on the actions of insulin, PDGF-BB, and the IGF-I analogue long R3IGF-I. Dexamethasone also does not alter autocrine IGF-II secretion by muscle...

Previous studies have demonstrated that AKT1 and AKT3 are activated by heat shock and oxidative stress via both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent and -independent pathways. However, the activation and role of AKT2 in the stress response have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we show that AKT2 in epithelial cells is activated by UV-C irradiation, heat shock, and hyperosmolarity as ...

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway is frequently overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma and associated with carcinogenesis through cell proliferation, apoptosis deactivation; it also enhances chemotherapeutic drugs resistance. Tualang honey (TH) has proven anticancer property on adenocarcinoma. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unreported. ...

To explore the molecular pathway of circular RNA molecule in gefitinib acquired resistance nonsmall cell lung cancer and to provide a new therapeutic direction for clinical treatment non-small cancer. The gefitinib-sensitive strain H292_S was selected construct resistant model H292_R. Also, overexpression group vector control transfected circSETD3; knockdown plasmid H292_R circSETD3 were prepar...

Purpose To characterize vitreous microparticles (MPs) in patients with traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and investigate their role PVR pathogenesis. Methods Vitreous MPs were characterized PVR, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) complicated control subjects by flow cytometry. The presence of M2 macrophages epiretinal membranes was measured immunostaining. cytokines quantifie...

Aim: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder, which has adverse effects on patients’ quality of life. Natural products exhibit significant therapeutic capacities with small side and might be preferable alternative treatments for patients psoriasis. This study summarizes the signaling pathways potential targets natural their efficacy psoriasis treatment. Methods: The literature ...