4.5. Bisbenzyl-isoquinolinium compounds 4.5.2. Mivacurium 4.6. Reversal of non-depolarizing neuromuscular block by anticholinesterases 4.7. Other neuromuscular uses of anticholinesterases 4.8. Pharmacokinetics of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs 4.8.1 Clearance of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs and duration of action 5. Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs 5.1. ...

A highly stereoselective [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of sulfur ylide generated through Cu(I) carbene and allyl and propargyl sulfides by a double asymmetric induction approach that combines a chiral camphor sultam auxiliary and Cu(I) catalyst with chiral or achiral diimine ligands has been developed.

Carbene catalysed redox activation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes is applied for generation of α,β-unsaturated acyl azoliums which undergo cyclopropanation upon reaction with a sulfur ylide and an alcohol to give the corresponding cyclopropanecarboxylic acid esters. With chiral carbenes good to excellent diastereo and enantioselectivities are obtained.

tert-Butyl cinnamates are aziridinated with high trans-selectivity by an N-N ylide generated in situ from N-methylmorpholine and O-diphenylphosphinyl hydroxylamine. The resulting N-unfunctionalised aziridines are shown to be versatile synthetic building blocks that undergo highly selective ring-opening reactions with a wide range of nucleophiles.

A convergent, nine-step (LLS), enantioselective synthesis of α-cyclopiazonic acid and related natural products is reported. The route features a) an enantioselective aziridination of an imine with a chiral sulfur ylide; b) a bioinspired (3+2)-cycloaddition of the aziridine onto an alkene; and c) installation of the acetyltetramic acid by an unprecedented tandem carbonylative lactamization/N-O c...

The first examples of azomethine ylides derived from allylic amine and glyoxal precursors are reported. The condensation of primary allylic and α-aryl amines with glyoxylates or α-aryl glyoxals affords conjugated azomethine ylides that undergo facile [3 + 2] cycloaddition, providing 5-alkenyl pyrrolidine cycloadducts that cannot be accessed through the classical use of amino esters as ylide pre...

Trifluoromethylsulfinyl and trifluoromethylthio groups are both important substituents for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and functional materials. We herein report the trifluoromethylthiolation of allyl alcohols 2 with trifluoromethanesulfonyl hypervalent iodonium ylide 1 under copper catalysis to provide trifluoromethylsulfinyl compounds 3. Trifluoromethylthiolation of boronic acids 4 with 1 ...

Cross-conjugated bifunctional species including a phosphine, phosphine oxide, phosphine sulfide, phosphonium salt, phosphorus ylide and a gold(I) phosphine complex have been prepared. The photophysical characteristics of the series of compounds have been determined experimentally and are discussed/compared with simpler analogues lacking cross-conjugated branches and rationalized on the basis of...

N,N'-Diarylureas have been shown to efficiently catalyse sulfonium ylide-mediated aldehyde epoxidation reactions for the first time. These processes are of broad scope and can be coupled with a subsequent Cu(II) ion-catalysed Meinwald rearrangement to give an efficient and convenient protocol for aldehyde homologation without intermediate purification.

The use of carbonyl-stabilized ammonium- and sulfonium ylides allows for the synthesis of highly-functionalized trifluoroacetyl-substituted cyclopropanes. It turned out that the diastereoselectivities strongly depend on the nature of the chosen ylide and the employed base. The products could be obtained in good yields under operationally simple conditions.