ABTRACT Background: In nuclear medicine, phantoms are mainly used to evaluate the overall performance of the imaging systems and practically there is no phantom exclusively designed for the evaluation of the software performance.  In this study the Hoffman brain phantom was used for quantitative evaluation of reconstruction techniques. The phantom is modified to acquire t...

Background: In nuclear medicine application often it is required to use computational methods for evaluation of organ absorbed dose. Monte Carlo simulation and phantoms have been used in many works before. The shape, size and volume in organs are varied, and this variation will produce error in dose calculation if no correction is applied. Materials and Methods: A computational framewo...

The purpose of this work is to obtain the voxelization of a series of tomography slices in order to provide a voxelized human phantom throughout a MatLab algorithm, and the consequent simulation of the irradiation of such phantom with the photon beam generated in a Theratron 780® (MDS Nordion) 60 Co radiotherapy unit, using the Monte Carlo transport code MCNP (Monte Carlo N-Particle), version 5...

We present the complete construction methodology for an anatomically accurate mouse phantom made using materials which mimic the characteristics of tissue, lung, and bone for radiation dosimetry studies. Phantoms were constructed using 2 mm thick slices of tissue equivalent material which was precision machined to clear regions for insertion of lung and bone equivalent material where appropriat...

introduction: one of the most important parameters in x-ray ct imaging is the noise induced by detected scattered radiation. the detected scattered radiation is completely dependent on the scanner geometry as well as size, shape and material of the scanned object. the magnitude and spatial distribution of the scattered radiation in x-ray ct should be quantified for development of robust scatter...

The production of high quality pretreatment images plays an increasing role in image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) and adaptive radiation therapy (ART). Megavoltage cone-beam computed tomography (MV-CBCT) is the simplest solution of all the commercially available volumetric imaging systems for localization. It also suffers the most from relatively poor contrast due to the energy range of the imagi...

Introduction: Phantom is an object that can be used to investigate the accuracy of radiation dose delivered to patients. Phantom is usually produced from the combination of the silicone rubber as a matrix and glycerin as a filler to form a composite for the replacement of the human soft tissue. The composite is imaged using computed tomography (CT) simulator for the de...

PURPOSE Attenuation correction with an X-ray CT image is a new method to correct attenuation on SPECT imaging, but the effect of the registration errors between CT and SPECT images is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of the registration errors on myocardial SPECT, analyzing data from a phantom and a human volunteer. METHODS Registerion (fusion) of the X-ray CT and SPECT ima...

Scatter in a detector and its housing can result in image degradation. Typically, such scatter leads to a low-spatial frequency 'glare' superimposed on the primary signal. We infer the glare-spread function (GSF) of an amorphous-silicon flat-panel detector via an edge-spread technique. We demonstrate that this spread (referred to as 'scatter-glare' herein) causes a low-spatial frequency drop in...

BACKGROUND Different target-filter combinations in computed radiography have different impacts on the dose and image quality in digital radiography. This study aims to evaluate the mean glandular dose (MGD) and modulation transfer function (MTF) of various target-filter combinations by investigating the signal intensities of X-ray beams. METHODS General Electric (GE) Senographe DMR Plus mammo...