background: wolf motor function test (wmft) is used in the assessment of upper extremity motor function in stroke patients. this scale contains 15 items and assesses joint-segment movements and functional tasks. objectives: translation and assessment of internal consistency and reliability of the persian version of wmft in iranian stroke patients. materials and methods: after translation (based...

the effect of translation on political, economic and cultural relations is an undeniable issue. translation is one of the ways to convey information and knowledge all over the world. moreover, it is a way to establish relationships among nations with different languages. iran and armenia are two very close peoples that have had deep relations from antiquity and share a common culture, backgroun...

Methods: The study took place in Tehran and Esfahan oil refineries in Iran in 2010. An initial questionnaire was formed from two previous studies. This tool was translated to Persian based on back translation. The 61-item questionnaire was tested on operational staffs (N=324). Principle component analysis and Varimax with Kaiser Normalization was used to extract factors, in statistical software...

BACKGROUND We aimed to develop and validate the Persian version of Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 (SF-MPQ-2) in patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS Translation and back translation was performed using Beaton's guideline. After a consensus has achieved on the Persian version of SF-MPQ-2, it was administered to 30 patients with knee osteoarthritis in a pilot study. Then, we enrol...

Background: Despite the importance of parents’ role in socializing children, there is no specific tool this field Iran. The Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES) a to assess responses children’s emotions. Objectives: This study evaluated reliability and factor structure Persian version CCNES. Methods: assessed psychometrics CCNES 400 mothers after translation/back-translation a...

this paper aimed to investigate the differences between english and persian religious elements which may be problematic in translating from english into persian. the study aimed also to investigate the way cultural elements in general and religious ones in particular were dealt with in the selected corpora and to check whether the procedures proposed by newmark, were sufficient and adequate for...

multi-part words in english language are hyphenated and hyphen is used to separate different parts. persian language consists of multi-part words as well. based on persian morphology, half-space character is needed to separate parts of multi-part words where in many cases people incorrectly use space character instead of half-space character. this common incorrectly use of space leads to some s...