Abstract This paper aims to investigate the usage and frequency of what we refer as K-suffixes in Classical New Persian ninth thirteenth centuries, Contemporary Written late nineteenth mid-twentieth Spoken Persian. It shows that are most likely be reflexes earlier evaluative morphemes, traditionally called “diminutives,” characterized by a high degree multifunctionality. While functions continu...

different studies in writing skill of second language learners show that they are weak in this skill. they know some vocabularies and grammatical rules but are unable to write a different kinds of texts. the study of contrastive rhetorics can help learners and teachers in this area. moreover, discourse markers that indicate rhetoric styles and principles have an important role in writing skill....

The expanding role of English as the language of international communication has important implications for English language pedagogy. Statistics show that speakers of English as a second and foreign language worldwide largely outnumber the speakers of English as a first language, so that International English can no longer be considered the ‘exclusive property’ of its native speakers (Ferguson...

This study aimed to examine cross-cultural differences in performing refusal of requests between Persian native speakers (PNSs) and English native speakers (ENSs) in terms of the frequency of the semantic formulas. Also examined in this study was whether Persian EFL learners would transfer their L1 refusal patterns into the L2, and if there would be a relation between their proficiency level an...

autosegmental-metrical (am) phonology distinguishes two types of accents (stresses), namely: lexical accent and pitch accent. the present study offers an acoustic analysis of the prosodic feature, pitch accent, in the persian speech of persian speakers who are fluent in english as a second language (english instructors). language interference has often been dealt with as the effect of firs lang...

In a recent trend, phonologists are becoming increasingly aware of the fact that many phonological processes are variable (Labov 1972, 1994), gradient (Hayes 2000, Frisch et al. 2004), and full of exceptions (Zimmer 1969, Zuraw 2000). This is not only because variability, gradience, and exceptions have been shown to be par for the course for many lexical patterns in phonology, but also because ...

In this study, it was intended to investigate the Persian native speakers’ perception of gerunds by three different elicitation techniques i.e., written, audio, and pictorial through translation. Eighty intermediate learners of English were asked to select Persian translation of the gerund formsin these elicitation techniques. They were asked to choose one option from a pair of written first la...