Bile salts are ionic amphiphilic compounds with a steroid skeleton. Among the most important physiological properties of bile salts are lipid transport by solubilization and transport of some drugs through hydrophobic barriers. Bile salts have been extensively studied to enhance transepithelial permeability for different marker molecules and drugs. They readily agglomerate at concentrations abo...

Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is used to deliver drugs through the skin as an alternative to oral, intravascular, and subcutaneous routes. While there are many advantages to TDD, skin is a very effective barrier and provides resistance to drug delivery. To improve drug delivery through the skin, permeation enhancers are used. We developed an axisymmetric COMSOL Multiphysics model of drug diff...

Dermal drug delivery is highly preferred by patients due to its several advantages. Protein therapeutics have attracted huge attention recently. Since dermal delivery of proteins encounter problems, in this investigation, zinc oxide nanoparticles and calcium phosphate nanoparticles were compared as enhancers for dermal permeation of albumin. Albumin was applied simultaneously with zinc oxide na...

Topical delivery of gabapentin is desirable to treat peripheral neuropathic pain conditions whilst avoiding systemic side effects. To date, reports of topical gabapentin delivery in vitro have been variable and dependent on the skin model employed, primarily involving rodent and porcine models. In this study a variety of topical gabapentin formulations were investigated, including Carbopol® hyd...

The aim of this investigation was to assess the applicability of lipid bilayer alteration using a combination of isopropyl myristate (IPM) and glyceryl monocaprylate (GEFA-C(8)) to the enhancement of pentazocine (PTZ) permeation through hairless mouse skin. The skin permeability of PTZ was enhanced by increasing the concentration of GEFA-C(8) up to 10% w/w in combination with IPM. Attenuated to...

The skin has been used as a port for systemic delivery of therapeutic agents since several decades. The composition of stratum corneum renders it a daunting barrier to the topical and transdermal administration of therapeutic agents. The number of drug molecules for transdermal delivery is limited owing to the physicochemical restrictions. Iontophoresis is an effective technique for physically ...

L. PANIGRAHI*, S. K. GHOSAL, SNIGDHA PATTNAIK, L. MAHARANA AND B. B. BARIK School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, I. T. E. R., Jagamohan Nagar, Gagamara, Bhubaneswar-751 030, *Sun Pharma Advance Rearch Center, Tandalja, Vadodara-390 020, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Calcutta-700 032, University Department of Pharmaceutical Science...

INTRODUCTION This article presents the development and evaluation of a new topical formulation of diclofenac diethylamine (DDA) as a locally applied analgesic lotion. METHODS To this end, the lotion formulations were formulated with equal volume of varying concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%; v/v) of permeation enhancers, namely propylene glycol (PG) and turpentine oil (TO). These lotions were sub...