BACKGROUND Acinetobacter species are assuming an increasingly important role in modern medicine, with their persistent presence in health-care settings and antibiotic resistance. However, clinical reports addressing this issue in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD) peritonitis are rare. METHODS All PD peritonitis episodes caused by Acinetobacter that occurred between 1985 and 2012 at a sin...

This study aimed to clarify the role of peritoneal T-lymphocytes in peritoneal immune defense mechanisms. This study was designed to examine the changes in T-cell subpopulations during peritonitis in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Our observations were correlated to responses to treatment and with outcomes. The present study was carried out in 20 patient...

BACKGROUND Internationally, increasing numbers of patients are requiring treatment for end-stage kidney disease and greater use of peritoneal dialysis is thus being promoted. However, peritonitis can be a significant problem in this population. It is the leading cause of technique failure in patients using peritoneal dialysis and results in considerable morbidity and mortality. There is a deart...

Postoperative peritonitis carries a higher risk of complications and mortality than does community-acquired disease. Little, however, is known about the specific microbiology of this condition. To gain insight into this problem, the microbiological findings of 67 patients with postoperative peritonitis were compared with those of 68 patients with community-acquired peritonitis. In a comparison ...

Peritonitis is a leading complication of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. However, very rarely does Neisseria mucosa cause peritonitis. We describe an unusual case of N. mucosa peritonitis in a chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient. A 28-year-old Hispanic male presents with diffuse abdominal pain exacerbated during draining of the peritoneal fluid. Peritoneal fluid examination w...

BACKGROUND Peritonitis continues to be a major problem for peritoneal dialysis patients. The incidence of peritonitis has decreased in recent decades but uncommon organisms are inceasingly being reported. CASE REPORT We report an 83 year old man with history of diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease and end stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis, who developed r...

Meconium peritonitis is a rare prenatal disease with an increased rate of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period. Distinctive features revealed by prenatal and postnatal ultrasoundmay be present: abdominal calcifications, ascites, polyhydramnios, meconium pseudocyst, echogenic mass and dilated bowel or intestinal obstruction. Establishing clear postnatal treatment and prognosis is diffi...

Complement 3 is an important component of ascitic fluid total protein, which offers local defence against infection of the ascitic fluid. Hepatic synthesis of complement 3 as well as other proteins and their concentrations in ascitic fluid is significantly reduced in patients with advanced cirrhosis. The level of protein in ascitic fluid in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritoni...

BACKGROUND Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is made by peritoneal mesothelial cells and can be measured in spent dialysate effluent from peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. It has been suggested that CA125 is a marker of peritoneal mesothelial cell mass and turnover. As PD CA125 increases during peritoneal inflammation, we wished to determine whether measuring PD CA125 during peritonitis provided addi...

AIM To determine the risk factors and outcome of fungal peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients over a 7-year period. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study was conducted on 30 cases of fungal peritonitis in CAPD patients during a 7-year period (2000-2007). The diagnosis was based on elevated CAPD effluent count and isolation of fungi. Patients were eva...