One-sided auctions are used for trading perishable agricultural commodities because their production cost is already "sunk." Moreover, the promptness and simplicity of one-sided auctions are beneficial for trading in perishable commodities. However, sellers cannot participate in the price-making process in these auctions. A standard double auction market collects bids from both sides of traders...

Keywords: Approximate dynamic programming Artificial neural networks Cross-price elasticity Markdown optimization Dynamic pricing Aggregation a b s t r a c t Markdown policies for product groups having significant cross-price elasticity among each other should be jointly determined. However, finding optimal policies for product groups becomes computationally intractable as the number of product...

High-salvage perishable products have the characteristics of a short life cycle and high residual value. To extract maximum value this kind product, closed-loop supply chain network model based on product is constructed under various uncertainties. This incorporates assumptions such as multiple products, periods, timeliness recycling, four-echelon including manufacturers, wholesalers, recycling...

decentralization allows channel members to make their decisions, independently. in this decentralized channels, members may have different power to make its decisions. hence, decisions of each member may influence on the other members’ decisions. to model such situations, bi-level programming models are useful. in this study, a supply chain including one manufacturer and multiple competitive re...