In this paper, we explore the issue of coordination in a manufacturer-retailer supply chain where the manufacturer is socially responsible and invests in CSR activities. On the other hand, the retailer invests in promotional efforts and uses a periodic review order-up-to policy for replenishing items. First, the decentralized decision-making structure is modeled to calculate the minimum accepta...

R etailers must constantly strive for excellence in operations; extremely narrow profit margins leave little room for waste and inefficiency. This article reports a retailer’s challenge to balance transportation, shelf space, and inventory costs. A retailer sells multiple products with stochastic demand. Trucks are dispatched from a warehouse and arrive at a store with a constant lead time. Eac...

since 2005 a new powerful invariant of an algebra has emerged using the earlier work of horvath, hethelyi, kulshammer and murray. the authors studied morita invariance of a sequence of ideals of the center of a nite dimensional algebra over a eld of nite characteristic. it was shown that the sequence of ideals is actually a derived invariant, and most recently a slightly modied version o...

duffing harmonic oscillator is a common model for nonlinear phenomena in science and engineering. this paper presents he´s energy balance method (ebm) for solving nonlinear differential equations. two strong nonlinear cases have been studied analytically. analytical results of the ebm are compared with the solutions obtained by using he´s frequency amplitude formulation (faf) and numerical solu...

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Unlike commonly used methods, in this paper, we have introduced a new approach for designing fuzzy controllers. In this approach, we have simultaneously optimized both objective functions of a supply chain over a two-dimensional space. Then, we have obtained a spectrum of optimized points, each of which represents a set of optimal parameters which can be chosen by the manager ...

Calculating the mean physical stock in a simple periodic review inventory system seems to be straightforward. However, the standard approximate expressions appear to yield inaccurate results, especially for low service levels. Low service levels are frequently encountered at intermediate nodes in cost-optimal solutions for multiechelon systems. In this note, we present an improved approximate m...

Address for correspondence Brian Koo, MD Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Tel: +1-216-844-3422 Fax: +1-216-983-0792 E-mail: [email protected] Periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) are spontaneously occurring movements of the legs which occur repetitively throughout the sleeping period. The clinical significance...

BACKGROUND Health behavior interventions using periodic prompts have utilized technology, such as the Internet, that allows messages to be sent to participants in cost-effective ways. To our knowledge, no comprehensive evidence review has been performed specifically to evaluate the effectiveness of communicating regular messages and to examine how characteristics of the prompts change the effec...