Ophthalmia neonatorum remains a significant cause of ocular morbidity, blindness and even death in underdeveloped countries. The organisms causing ophthalmia neonatorum are acquired mainly from the mother's birth canal during delivery and a small percentage of cases are acquired by other ways. Chlamydia and Neisseria are the most common pathogens responsible for the perinatal infection. Fortuna...

background: using spatial analysis tools to determine the spatial patterns of china province-level perinatal mortality and using spatial econometric model to examine the impacts of health care resources and different socio-economic factors on perinatal mortality. methods: the global moran’s i index is used to examine whether the spatial autocorrelation exists in selected regions and moran’s i s...

AIM Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can cause a variety of neurological deficits of delayed onset in infants who are asymptomatic at birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of congenital CMV infection among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Nagasaki, Japan. METHODS Twenty-nine children with ASD who were born in Nagasaki and had no other major ne...

Worldwide, perinatal (i.e., mother to infant) transmission accounts for most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among children; in the United States, of the approximately 7000 infants born to HIV-infected mothers each year, 1000-2000 are HIV-infected. Strategies for reducing perinatally acquired HIV infection have included preventing HIV infection among women and, for HIV-infected wo...

AIM AND OBJECTIVE The objective is to assess the prevalence of caries in children with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral examination was performed on children aged 2-12 years with perinatal HIV infection who stayed at 'Calvary Chapel home of hope for special children' to assess decayed, missing, or filled primary teeth/decayed, missing, or fill...

background: asphyxia is a medical condition in which placental or pulmonary gas exchange is impaired or they cease all together, typically producing a combination of progressive hypoxemia and hypercapnea. objective: in addition to regional differences in its etiology; it is important to know its risk factors. materials and methods: this is a case-control study, all neonates born from may 2002 t...

Each year, an estimated 590,000 infants acquire human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection from their mothers, mostly in developing countries that are unable to implement interventions now standard in the industrialized world. In resource-poor settings, the HIV pandemic has eroded hard-won gains in infant and child survival. Recent clinical trial results from international settings sug...

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a potent inflammatory cytokine that can be produced by a variety of cell types throughout the body. While IL-1 is a central mediator of inflammation and response to infection, the role of IL-1 signaling in adult and pediatric brain injury is becoming increasingly clear. Although the mechanisms of IL-1 expression are largely understood, the downstream effects and contribu...

A developing central nervous system is vulnerable to various insults such as infection and ischemia. While increased understanding of the dynamic nature of brain development allows a deeper insight into the pathophysiology of perinatal brain injury, the precise nature of specific fetal and neonatal brain injuries and their short- and long-term clinical consequences need special attention and fu...

The optimal management of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is controversial. Maternal risks must be weighed against fetal benefit when expectant management is considered. Despite concerns about maternal harm, protocols of expectant management seem to afford the best perinatal outcomes. Given that infection often is the common pathway for delivery in preterm PROM, recent reports hav...