Pepper lines L57 and L113 and cv.Pico are inoculated by 1, 5, 10, 25, 75 μg/ml cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in inoculum. Both lines are resistant to the virus and cv.Pico is used as a susceptible control. The lines respond with the development of chlorotic (L57) and necrotic (L113) spots on the inoculated leaf. The virus is established only in the inoculated leaves and their petioles of the resi...

in recent years, symptoms of virus diseases on stone fruits have been observed in wide range in golestan province. in order to study the important viruses on stone fruits, cherry, plum, nectarine, peach and apricot trees with symptoms such as mosaic, chlorosis, ring spot, shot hole, pale margins in leaves and dwarf in trees, sampling was done during 2005. putative infected plants were tested by...

BACKGROUND The present study was undertaken to study the larvicidal activity of different extracts of Nerium oleander leaves, and post-treatment temperature- toxicity relationship of these extracts against Culex pipiens. Further, the most potent extract was used to evaluate its biological and genotoxic activities. METHODS Crude extracts of N. oleander leaves were prepared using water, chlorof...

The N gene of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is a typical resistance (R) gene engendering localization of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection and the elicitation of a hypersensitive necrotic response. The consensus model for R gene-derived resistance is at the level of protein:protein interactions, in which proteins of the pathogen interact with already present receptor-like proteins produced by ...

The Lls1 (lethal leaf spot1) locus of maize is defined by a recessive mutation characterized by the initiation, in a developmentally programmed manner, of necrotic lesions that expand to kill leaves cell autonomously. The loss-of-function nature of all Lls1 mutants implies that the Lls1 gene is required to limit the spread of cell death in mature leaves. We have cloned the Lls1 gene by tagging ...

Grapevine Algerian latent virus (GALV) is a member of the genus Tombusvirus in the Tombusviridae and infects not only woody perennial grapevine plant but also herbaceous Nicotiana benthamiana plant. In this study, we developed GALV-based gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vectors in N. benthamiana. The GALV coat protein deletion vector, pGMG, was applied to express the repo...

A new species of Ulocladium was isolated from diseased leaves from two Cucumis sp. growing in Sinkiang and Gansu provinces of China. Conidia were isolated from necrotic leaves and used to establish single-spore pure cultures. Conidia were harvested from cultures 7 d after incubation for morphological comparisons. The morphology of this species resembles that of U. botrytis and U. consortiale. H...

abstract tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) was detected in tomato leaf and fruit samples collected from viiramin reyion in tehran province using indicator test plants including petunia hybrida, nicatiana glutinosa, n. tabacum cv. snmsun nn, n. clevelandit and n. benthamiana and seroloyical tests. small browinsh local necrotic lesions appeared on p. hybrida leaves 2-4 days post-inoculation. syste...

Both mycotoxin contamination of feed and Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis have an increasing global economic impact on poultry production. Especially the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common feed contaminant. This study aimed at examining the predisposing effect of DON on the development of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. An experimental Clostridium perf...

I analyze how general practitioners (GPs) indirectly affect their patients' employment outcomes by deciding the length of sick leaves. I use an instrumental variables framework where spell durations are identified through supply-side certification measures. I find that a day of sick leave certified only because the worker's GP has a high propensity to certify sick leaves decreases the employmen...