Bioassay-guided fractionation of a CHCl3 extract of the leaves of Xanthium italicum Moretti led to the isolation of four xanthanolides: xanthatin (1), 4-epixanthanol (2), 4-epi-isoxanthanol (3), and 2-hydroxyxanthinosin (4). Their structures were determined by means of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, including 1H-1H COSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC experiments, which resulted in complete and unambiguous ...

Soil fungi, including Aspergillus fischeri, Penicillium piceum, Penicillium nigricans, and Penicillium raistrickii, produced a tremorgenic toxin previously described as toxin X. Chemical analysis showed that this toxin was predominantly verruculogen.

Practices in the citrus industry evolve rapidly to minimize postharvest decay losses, mostly a result of green mold or blue mold, caused by Penicillium digitatum or P. italicum, respectively. Current problems include the continued development of fungicide resistance among these pathogens, and compliance with emerging secondary residue standards and other privatized regulation of production and ...

Helichrysum sanguineum, Helichrysum pamphylicum, Helichrysum orientale, Helichrysum noeanum (Asteraceae) are medicinal plants. For centuries, they have been used as tea in Turkey because of their medicinal properties. So far no scientific evidence has been found in a literature survey regarding the genotoxic effects of these plants. This work evaluated the genotoxic effects on human lymphocyte ...

Three Penicillium species have been isolated from insect specimens in Korea; Penicillium sp., P. steckii, and P. polonicum. Penicillium sp. (KNU12-3-2) was isolated from Lixus imperessiventris, while P. polonicum (KNU12-1-8) and Penicillium steckii (KNU12-2-9) were isolated from Muljarus japonicas and Meloe proscarabaeus, respectively. The identification was based on the morphological character...

A total of 106 Penicillium species were tested to examine their ability of degrading cellobiose, pectin and xylan. The activity of β-glucosidase was generally strong in all the Penicillium species tested. P. citrinum, P. charlesii, P. manginii and P. aurantiacum showed the higher ability of producing β-glucosidase than other tested species. Pectinase activity was detected in 24 Penicillium spec...

Six medicinal plants Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don, Angelica archangelica L., Lavandula officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., Melilotus officinalis L., and Ruta graveolens L. were used. The aim of the study was to compare their extracts obtained by Soxhlet (hexane) extraction, maceration with ethanol (EtOH), and supercritical CO2 extraction (SC-CO2) targeted on coumarin content (by high p...