Rigorous simulation, which in concept is nearly linear in CPU time with micro-Ampere beam currents, has been developed for analyzing statistical electron-electron interactions in lens free regions joined by ideal lenses and apertures. The simulation method is based on combining fast multipole acceleration (FMA) with modifications to a message passing interface for use on multi-processor and net...

Profiling instruments are well-suited to the measurement of grazing incidence optics, such as those found in synchrotron radiation beam lines. Slope measuring profilers, based upon the principle of the pencil beam interferometer, have proven to be especially useful in measuring the figure and slope errors on cylindrical aspheres. The Long Trace Profiler, in various configurations, is the most w...

We present a new fast radiotherapy planning algorithm which determines approximatively optimal gantry and table angles, kinds of wedges, leaf positions and intensities simultaneously in a global way. Other parameters are optimized only independently of each other. The algorithm uses an elaborate field management and field reduction. Beam intensities are determined via a variant of a projected N...

In this paper, a technique based on hybrid particle swarm optimiser with breeding and subpopulation is presented for optimal design of reconfigurable dual-beam linear array antennas and planar arrays. In the amplitudephase synthesis, the design of a reconfigurable dual-pattern antenna array is based on finding a common amplitude distribution that can generate either a pencil or sector beam powe...

According to a very popular belief - widespread among non-scientific communities the exploitation of narrow beams, a.k.a. “pencil beamforming”, results in prompt increase exposure levels radiated by 5G Base Stations (BSs). To face such concern with scientific approach, this work we propose novel localization-enhanced pencil beamforming technique, which traffic beams are tuned accordance uncerta...

Hadron radiotherapy is a cutting-edge cancer treatment method. Proton and carbon ion beams are frequently used in modern therapeutic centers. The Bragg peak at the end of the particle range delivers a higher radiation dose to tumors situated close to critical organs. However, the accuracy of the dose deposition in the tumor volume depends on the irradiation method. The present paper presents a ...

Scanned ion beam delivery enables the highest degree of target dose conformation attainable in external beam radiotherapy. Nominal pencil beam widths (spot sizes) are recorded during treatment planning system commissioning. Due to changes in the beam-line optics, the actual spot sizes may differ from these commissioning values, leading to differences between planned and delivered dose. The purp...