Measuring resource efficiency can be achieved using different methods, of which primary energy demand is commonly used. The primary energy factor (PEF) is a figure describing how much energy from primary resources is being used per unit of energy delivered. The PEF for nuclear power is typically 3, which refers to thermal energy released from fission in relation to electricity generated. Fuel l...

Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) plays an important role in atherosclerosis through initiation of endothelial inflammation response. Paeoniflorin (PEF), isolated from the dry root of Paeonia, has been reported to exert an anti-inflammatory effect, but the exact mechanism is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of PEF on LPC-induced inflammatory fact...

In this study, the use of pulsed electric field (PEF) for extraction polyphenols from mature Elaeagnus pungens ‘Limelight’ leaves is discussed. Optimization main parameters that affect process was carried out. More specifically, composition solvent (ethanol, water, and mixtures two at a 25% v/v step gradient) PEF-related (i.e., pulse duration, period, intensity) optimized. The obtained extracts...

Polypeptide chain elongation factor l a (EF-la) is an eukaryotic counterpart of E. coli EF-Tu which promotes the GTP-dependent binding of an aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes. EF-la is one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells, and expressed in almost all kinds of mammalian cells. Recently, we have isolated human chromosomal gene coding for EF-la, and shown that the promoter of EF-la chro...

A 7 day short course ofottce daily 4OO ng pefloxacin (PEF) was contpared by a double blitrd dwntny technique against a standard 14 days course of 50 ng chloranphenicol (CAP) /kg Bflday itr four divided dosages for treat,nent of typhoid and paratyphoid fever. The purpose of the study was to evaluate objectively clitrical and bacteriological eficacy. A total of 79 patients were enrolled. Ottly S....

In this investigation, the influence of the application of pulsed electric fields (PEFs) of different intensities (3-7 kV/cm and 0-300 μs) on the carotenoid extraction from tomato peel and pulp in a mixture of hexane:acetone:ethanol was studied with the aim of increasing extraction yield or reducing the percentage of the less green solvents in the extraction medium. According to the cellular di...

Methods and results We compared survival in patients with HF-PEF with that in patients with HF-REF in a meta-analysis using individual patient data. Preserved EF was defined as an EF ≥ 50%. The 31 studies included 41 972 patients: 10 347 with HF-PEF and 31 625 with HF-REF. Compared with patients with HF-REF, those with HF-PEF were older (mean age 71 vs. 66 years), were more often women (50 vs. ...

BACKGROUND Failure to detect respiratory compromise can lead to emergency healthcare use and fatal asthma attacks. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of predicting peak expiratory flow (PEF) and receiving feedback on perception of pulmonary function and adherence to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). METHODS The sample consisted of 192 ethnic minority, inner-city children (100 Pu...

BACKGROUND The effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) are a major human health concern. In this panel study, we evaluated the acute effects of exposure to PM on peak expiratory flow (PEF) and wheezing in children. METHODS Daily PEF and wheezing were examined in 19 asthmatic children who were hospitalized in a suburban city in Japan for approximately 5 months. The concentrations of PM les...

In primary effluent filtration (PEF), primary effluent is treated to reduce TSS, BOD, or other contaminants without resorting to secondary treatment in trickling filters or activated sludge basins. If PEF can meet the effluent quality requirements applicable to a wastewater stream, substantial cost reductions can be realized by using PEF instead of secondary treatment. In other instances, PEF c...