This paper provides a brief introduction to peer-to-peer (P2P) systems. Basic definitions and characteristics of P2P systems are described in Section 1. A comparison of a two related paradigms: P2P and Grid computing is also given. Section 2 classifies P2P substrates into two categories: structured and unstructured. Description of each category along with some examples is provided. A wide range...

We consider the problem of designing an overlay network and routing mechanism that permits finding resources efficiently in a peer-to-peer system. We argue that many existing approaches to this problem can be modeled as the construction of a random graph embedded in a metric space whose points represent resource identifiers, where the probability of a connection between two nodes depends only o...

The term “peer-to-peer” (P2P) refers to a class of systems and applications that employ distributed resources to perform a critical function in a decentralized manner. With the pervasive deployment of computers, P2P is increasingly receiving attention in research, product development, and investment circles. This interest ranges from enthusiasm, through hype, to disbelief in its potential. Some...

Alternative assessment approaches and, among them, self-assessment and peer-assessment are becoming increasingly important in educational contexts. Designed to compare self-assessment, peer-assessment, and teacher-assessment, this study included 90 EFL students from 3 intact classes divided into 3 groups: self-assessment, peer-assessment, and teacher-assessment. After taking the TOEFL Proficien...

The future of peer-to-peer file-sharing and related technologies is entwined, for better or worse, with copyright law. This paper aims to present a layperson's introduction to the copyright law principles most pertinent to peer-to-peer developers, including contributory and vicarious liability principles and potential legal defenses. After describing the current shape of the law, the paper conc...

Background and Objectives: The editorial peer review has an important role in the publication of scientific articles. Peers or reviewers are those scholars who have the expertise regarding the topic of a given article. They critically appraise the articles without having any monetary incentives or conflicts of interest. The aim of this study was to determine the most important aspects of the ed...