The numerous etiologies of refractory epilepsy include congenital cortical malformations, cerebral ischemia, post-traumatic lesions, metabolic, vascular and systemic immune diseases. Abnormal antibodies have been found in association with different types of neurological diseases and syndromes, including epilepsies. However, their frequency in the pediatric epileptic population is unknown. This ...

Lung transplantation is a well-established treatment for advanced lung diseases. In children, the diseases that most commonly lead to the need for a transplantation are cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and bronchiolitis. However, the number of pediatric lung transplantations being performed is low compared with the number of transplants performed in the adult age group. The objective of...

Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY Center for Health Policy, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY RAND Corporation, Boston, MA d Jefferson School of Nursing, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons,...

2000-2010 in United States Shipra Gupta, MD; Ankit Sakhuja, MBBS FACP FASN; Eric McGrath, MD; Basim Asmar, MD; Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI; Pedi...

Nephrin is a podocyte cell adhesion protein located at the slit diaphragm area of the kidney glomerulus. Mutations in the nephrin gene (NPHS1) lead to congenital nephrosis, suggesting that nephrin is essential for the glomerular filtration barrier. This prompted this study of the expression of nephrin in acquired pediatric kidney diseases using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In...

Radiological imaging plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis and monitoring of rheumatic diseases. The basic method of imaging is a classic X-ray picture, which for many years has been used as a single method for the recognition and evaluation of the effects of disease management. In today's modern day treatment of rheumatic diseases, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance are more commonly p...

Capsule endoscopy (CE), which was invented to visualize the entire small intestine in a noninvasive manner was first described in 2000 (Iddan, 2000), was approved for adult patients in 2001 by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). More than 600,000 PillCam SB capsules, which is the first model for CE in the world, have been used worldwide since 2001 (Nakamura, 2009). In pediatric patients, Seidma...

The success of the immune response is finely balanced between, on the one hand, the need to engage vigorously with, and clear, certain pathogens; and, on the other, the requirement to minimize immunopathology and autoimmunity. Distinct immune strategies to achieve this balance have evolved in females and males and also in infancy through to adulthood. Sex differences in outcome from a range of ...

Genetic diseases of the macula and choroid have various inheritance patterns and varying degrees of impact on vision. Herein, we review the literature including most recent advances in the understanding of the genetics of these diseases. Although many of these disorders have limited treatment options, knowledge of inheritance patterns can aid in early detection and with close monitoring can hel...