BACKGROUND Extent of resection is a very important prognostic marker in most pediatric brain tumors. Intraoperative imaging facilitates resection control. Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) is a cost-effective alternative to intraoperative magnetic resonance, but scant literature addresses its utility in this context. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all pediatric brain tumors operated at ou...

The DNA repair protein O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) confers resistance to methylating and chloroethylating agents in pediatric medulloblastomaand glioma-derived cell lines and xenografts. Here, we assayed MGMT activity in 110 pediatric brain tumors to establish correlates with patient and tumor characteristics. We also assayed MGMT in histologically normal brain adjacent to 22 t...

Introduction Brain tumors are the most common solid tumor of childhood, second in frequency only to leukemia [1]. Astrocytomas represent the most common primary brain tumor of childhood comprising almost 50% of all brain tumors in this age group [2]. Of these, 20% are high-grade, or anaplastic lesions. Unlike adults with low-grade astrocytomas who frequently progress to higher grade lesions ove...

Tumors of the CNS are among the most challenging malignancies to treat. Despite surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, many patients have incurable cancers and suffer disabling symptoms. The median survival of patients with glioblastoma, the most common malignant adult brain tumor, remains less than 2 years, and brain tumors include the most common and difficult-to-treat malignancies in children...

Brain tumors, which is one of the destructive forms of human being’s cancers, are the second most common children’s cancers. Brain tumors may have an inherited (small percent), acquired reasons due to environmental factors. Nowadays advances in cosmetic industry have increased our ability in the field of youth and beauty. Hair dye products are such innovations. Recent studies showed...

BACKGROUND Although, substantial experimental evidence related to diagnosis and treatment of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms have been demonstrated, the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease remains scarce. Recent microRNA (miRNA)-based research reveals the involvement of miRNAs in various aspects of CNS development and proposes that they might compose k...

BACKGROUND Increasing survival rates for children with brain tumors creates a greater need for neuropsychologic follow-up and intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate rates of referral by medical doctors to neuropsychologic services and patient and treatment factors that differentiated referred and nonreferred patients. METHODS Data were retrieved from medical records of all pediat...

In this paper we present a fully automated approach to the segmentation of pediatric brain tumors in multi-spectral 3-D magnetic resonance images. It is a top-down segmentation approach based on a Markov random field (MRF) model that combines probabilistic boosting trees (PBT) and lower-level segmentation via graph cuts. The PBT algorithm provides a strong discriminative observation model that ...

Brain tumors are the most common solid pediatric malignancy. For high-grade, recurrent, or refractory pediatric brain tumors, radiation therapy (XRT) is an integral treatment modality. In the era of personalized cancer therapy, molecularly targeted agents have been designed to inhibit pathways critical to tumorigenesis. Our evolving knowledge of genetic aberrations in pediatric gliomas is being...

brain tumors in elderly are increasing as the number of people, who comprise the older population, does.about half of the patients with brain tumors appear to be over 60 years of age.in this review article, glioblastoma multiform, as the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system in elderly is discussed in details of definition, prognosis, diagnosis, treatment and differential di...