This paper investigates the effect of muscle contraction on lower extremity injuries in car-pedestrian lateral impacts. Three variables, viz. height of impact, pedestrian offset with respect to car centre and impact speed, have been considered here. Full scale carpedestrian FE simulations have been performed using the full body pedestrian model with active lower extremities (PMALE) and front st...

Multispectral pedestrian detection is essential for around-the-clock applications, e.g., surveillance and autonomous driving. We deeply analyze Faster R-CNN for multispectral pedestrian detection task and then model it into a convolutional network (ConvNet) fusion problem. Further, we discover that ConvNet-based pedestrian detectors trained by color or thermal images separately provide compleme...

Simulation of evacuation plans is a relatively complex problem. It is necessary to simulate a number of separate processes which interact in the result. Namely, they are pedestrian-pedestrian interactions, pedestrian-static object (e.g. wall) interactions and pedestrian-environment (fire, smoke, etc.) interactions. In this case, the evacuation simulation is controled on the microscopic level. M...

While Table 2 lists the three principal Australian pedestrian slip resistance standards, architects and should only need to be familiar with Standards Australia Handbook 197, An introductory guide to the slip resistance of pedestrian surface materials. This deals with the selection of products based on the wet slip resistance classifications that are obtained according to the test methods that ...

In vehicle–pedestrian crashes, head injuries account for an overwhelming percentage of all severe and fatal injuries. These injuries are caused by the linear acceleration and rotation of the head. To mitigate head injuries, tools such as Human Body Models (HBMs) are used in the development and evaluation of pedestrian safety systems. The tools need to be compared with experimental data to evalu...

A mesoscopic approach to modeling pedestrian simulation with multiple exits is proposed in this paper. A floor field based on Qlearning Algorithm is used. Attractiveness of exits to pedestrian typically is based on shortest path. However, several factors may influence pedestrian choice of exits. Scenarios with multiple exits are presented and effect of Q-learning rewards system on navigation is...

This paper introduces a human body contour registration method for static pedestrian images with unconstrained background. By using a statistical compound model to impose structural and textural constraints on valid pedestrian appearances, the matching process is robust to image clutter. Experimental results show that the proposed method register pedestrian contours in complex background effect...

MADYMO pedestrian simulations were performed using a previous model as a baseline [1‐2]. The following were assessed for their influence on the relationship between windscreen angle and head injury risk: vehicle/ pedestrian speed, pedestrian gait, size and arm position, and vehicle braking, approach angle, windscreen stiffness and shape. Head injury risk is assessed through peak linear and angu...

Growing evidence suggests that microscale pedestrian environment features, such as sidewalk quality, crosswalks, and neighborhood aesthetics, may affect residents' physical activity. This study examined whether disparities in microscale pedestrian features existed between neighborhoods of differing socioeconomic and racial/ethnic composition. Using the validated Microscale Audit of Pedestrian S...

BACKGROUND Evidence is growing that the built environment has the potential to influence walking--both positively and negatively. However, uncertainty remains on the best approaches to representing the pedestrian environment in order to discern associations between walking and the environment. Research into the relationship between environment and walking is complex; challenges include choice o...