In this study, we demonstrate that botulinum toxin can be used to chemically denervate muscles to test functional hypotheses. We injected research-grade type A botulinum toxin complex into pectoral fin abductors (abductor superficialis) of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) to determine whether chemical denervation would eliminate the ability of a particular muscle to contribute to overall pecto...

Sporocysts of Sarcocystis falcatula obtained from experimentally infected Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) were inoculated orally to 60 wild-caught Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Another 30 Brown-headed Cowbirds were not challenged and served as uninfected controls. Two inoculated and one control cowbird were necropsied every 2 weeks and the pectoral and thigh muscles were exam...

A sterile abscess around a prosthesis or perigraft seroma is rare but sometimes occurs in after reconstructive surgery. Removal of the causative graft favored treatment, some cases, this cannot be performed, and there reluctance to treat due risk patient. Herein, we report case treated with total aortic replacement omental flap reconstruction, which fistula-forming did not resolve. Major pector...

Skeletal muscle growth and development are highly orchestrated processes involving significant changes in gene expressions. Differences in the location-specific and breed-specific genes and pathways involved have important implications for meat productions and meat quality. Here, RNA-Seq was performed to identify differences in the muscle deposition between two muscle locations and two duck bre...

As their swimming speed increased, bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) switched from pectoral-fin-powered labriform swimming to undulations of the body axis. This gait transition occurred at a mean swimming speed of 0.24+/-0.01 m s(-1) and a pectoral fin beat frequency of 2.79+/-0.11 Hz (mean +/- s.e.m., N=6). The power output available from the main upstroke (adductor profundus) and downstr...

BACKGROUND The shoulder complex is highly loaded during swimming. No studies were found analyzing the changes in shoulder girdle strength in young swimmers, through the years. OBJECTIVE To analyze the changes in strength of internal rotators and external rotators of the arm, lower trapezius and supraspinatus and in the external rotators/internal rotators ratio in young elite swimmers through ...

Pectoral muscle segmentation is an important step in automatic breast image analysis methods and crucial for multi-modal image registration. In breast MRI, accurate delineation of the pectoral is important for volumetric breast density estimation and for pharmacokinetic analysis of dynamic contrast enhancement. In this paper we propose and study the performance of atlas-based segmentation metho...

The muscles of the cephalic region and pectoral girdle of Arius heudeloti, Genidens genidens andBagre marinus are described and compared with those of non-ariid siluriforms. Our observations and compar-isons revealed that, although the configuration of the cephalic and pectoral girdle musculature of these ariidspecies is basically similar to that of other catfishes, these species pr...

A 71-year-old man was scheduled to undergo cardiac resynchronization therapy device (CRTD) implantation. He was combined with severe chronic heart failure due to ischemic heart disease. NYHA class was 3 to 4 and electrocardiogram showed non-sustained ventricular. Ejection fraction was about 20% revealed by transthoracic echocardiogram. He was also on several anticoagulation medications. We plan...

We present a case of a right sided accessory head of the pectoralis major muscle located inferior to its abdominal head. This variation was found during a routine anatomy dissection at the American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine. The muscle fibres of the accessory head of the pectoralis major muscle arose from those of the serratus anterior muscle and travelled superolaterally t...