We assessed whether students’ reasoning about historical causality is biased by accessibility and previous knowledge. Undergraduates in Canada provided explanations for historical events: the attacks on Pearl Harbor and September 11, 2001. Participants were then given several explanations for these events, including conventional historical and alternative conspiracist explanations, and reported...

We present recent simulations on charged polymers in poor solvent in the dilute concentration range, with and without imposed extension constraints. The resulting pearl-necklace polymer conformations are analyzed in detail. We find strong pearl number and size fluctuations leading only to minimal signatures in the form factor and the force-extension relation. We see no sign of instability of th...

Sorghum and millets can have excellent quality for processing but to obtain that inherent quality a value added, chain securing, identity preserved grain for processing into profitable upscale urban products is necessary. Processing technology is not the major obstacle to successful production of products. Consistent supply of a modest quality grain is the major constraint. Several examples of ...

The pearl oyster, “Pinctada radiate”, is a native species of Persian Gulf area, which has always been attractive for its ability of producing pearl. Thus, studying the gonadal maturation of the pearl oyster has been important for nucleus implantation to pearl production. In this study, samples were taken in winter and spring from Lavan and Kish Islands. The classic histological methods were use...

Pearl millet is one of the most important small-grained C4 Panicoid crops with a large genome size (∼2352 Mb), short life cycle and outbreeding nature. It is highly resilient to areas with scanty rain and high temperature. Pearl millet is a nutritionally superior staple crop for people inhabiting hot, drought-prone arid and semi-arid regions of South Asia and Africa where it is widely grown and...

The pearl industry in French Polynesia is based on exploitation of natural stocks of the blacklip pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera). It generates an annual turnover of €90 million. Improvements in pearl quality need genetic studies to improve the populations. This pearl oyster is a protandric species, in which the sex ratio normally is biased toward males. There is an increasing interest in...