White-light stellar flares are now reported by the thousands in long-baseline, high-precision, broad-band photometry from missions like Kepler , K2, and TESS. These observations crucial inputs for assessments of biosignatures exoplanetary atmospheres surface ultraviolet radiation dosages habitable-zone planets around low-mass stars. A limitation these assessments, however, is lack near-ultravio...

Natural spinel (MgAl2O4) usually contains some minor and trace elements (e.g., Cr, Co, Fe, V) that may cause various hues. The ratios of these chromophores directly affect the color composition. red in is attributed to combination significant Cr V. Magenta purple blue green colors spinels are affected by Fe concentration, whereas orange shows contribution V content compared Fe. After heating ex...

X-ray absorption fine structure ~XAFS! measurements as a function of temperature have been carried out at the Mn K edge for La0.7Ca0.3Mn12xTixO3 and La0.7Ca0.3Mn12yGayO3 (x and y50.01 to 0.10! and correlated with transport and magnetization measurements. Most samples exhibit colossal magnetoresistance ~CMR! at low temperature. The magnetization data show a concentration dependence: the ferromag...

Introduction: The Kentland impact structure located in northwestern Indiana (N 40° 45’ W 87° 24’) represents the remains of an ~13km diameter complex crater. Ordovician-Devonian strata have been uplifted ~600 m to the surface following impact and subsequently exposed by local quarrying operations. Large megablocks of carbonates, sandstones, and shales have been uplifted along thrust faults to c...

We demonstrate theoretically that a few-cycle vortex beam with high peak power can be generated by self-compression of midinfrared femtosecond in thin fused silica plates. first investigate the requirements solitonlike pulse on laser wavelength and parameters plates based three preconditions sufficient spectral broadening, appropriate dispersion compensation, inhibition multiple filamentation. ...