An important trend in the development of international relations second half 20th−early 21st centuries is growing significance small states relations. From passive “pawns” big political games great powers, they are turning into active players capable pursuing their own national interests arena. During Cold War period, European neutral acquired unique experience fruitful cooperation organization...

The study is devoted to the analysis of strategies, agreements, formats, scenarios and formulas peace, which were proposed by both national statesmen international community, security organizations, analytical centers for survival Ukrainian state. peacemaking efforts V. Zelenskyi in first two years his presidency are demonstrated. transformation approaches resolution conflict from 2014 2022 was...

The purpose of this study is to identify the role of sport as a soft power for Iranto facilitate its diplomatic relations after the nuclear deal. The research methodused in this study is mixed (qualitative and quantitative): in the qualitative part ofthe analysis, the study sample was selected via Snowball sampling based onpartricipants’ expertise in the sport diplomacy ...

Abstract The English East India Company's “company-state” lasted 274 years—longer than most states. This research note uses new archival evidence to study the Company as a catalyst in development of modern state sovereignty. Drawing on records 16,740 managerial and shareholder meetings between 1678 1795, I find that grew through wars, its claim sovereign authority shifted from privilege delegat...

Efforts to support the resolution of armed conflicts through facilitation peace negotiations and dialogues increasingly involve digital technologies. While traditionally perceived as a human-centered activity, mediation now commonly entails information- data-driven methods enhance talks, analysis conflict stakeholder needs interests, ground efforts in better evidence. Digital technologies also ...

<p><em>Court mediation is regulated in the Civil Procedure Code under term peacemaking. Court a concept developed by Dutch which still used settlement of civil disputes Indonesian courts. However, implementation court not optimal. This research aims to analyze causes unsuccessful court. The method doctrinal sourced from legislation, literature and scientific journals. results showed...

Coming to understand ourselves as existing in evolutionary continuity with the rest of the living world is critical to a reexamination of our relationship with the other animals. Frans de Waal’s latest book is of great importance in contributing to the transfer of ethical behavior—in addition to tool use, “language” ability, “self-awareness,” and other such traits—out of the realm of supposed m...