Many water districts have recently shifted from free chlorine (in the form of HOCl/OCl-) to monochloramine (NH2-Cl) as a disinfectant for drinking water to lower the concentration of chlorinated hydrocarbon byproducts in the water. There is concern that the use of NH2Cl disinfectant may lead to higher Pb levels in drinking water. In this study, the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance is...

The overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction is 700-800 mV more positive at FTO anode than on Pt electrode. This property of FTO coating makes it attractive as an electrode material for electrochemical sensors and electroanalytical chemistry. However, oxygen transfer reactions, such as Pb and Cl oxidation, occur with considerably lower overpotential. It indicates the possibility of formation ...

Conventional processes for water treatment are inefficient for the remediation of wastewaters containing toxic and biorecalcitrant organic pollutants. A large number of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been successfully applied to degrade pollutants present in waters. These methods are based on the generation of a very powerful oxidizing agent such as hydroxyl radical ( • OH) in solutio...

The electrochemical mineralization mechanism of environmentally persistent perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) at a Ce-doped modified porous nanocrystalline PbO2 film anode was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) simulation and further validated experimentally. The potential energy surface was mapped out for all possible reactions during electrochemical mineralization reaction of PFOA....

We synthesised a number of new metastable silica modifications in the electrically heated diamond anvil cells (DACs) at pressures over 100 GPa and temperatures over 1200 K. Our studies reveal the existence of a new class of silica phases with different degree of the ordering of silicon atoms. Silica polymorphs with octahedrally co-ordinated silicon known so far (stishovite, fully disordered pha...

Nanobelt is a quasi-one-dimensional structurally controlled nanomaterial that has well-defined chemical composition, crystallographic structure, and surfaces (e.g., growth direction, top/bottom surface, and side surfaces). This article reviews the nanobelt family of functional oxides, including ZnO, SnO2, In2O3, Ga2O3, CdO, and PbO2 and the relevant hierarchical and complex nanorods and nanowir...

High-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction method with precise control of hydrostatic conditions, typically with helium or neon as the pressure-transmitting medium, has significantly changed our view on what happens with low-density silica phases under pressure. Coesite is a prototype material for pressure-induced amorphization. However, it was found to transform into a high-pressure octahe...

In this work, the combination of two advanced oxidation processes, electro-Fenton (hydroxyl radical ●OH generated by reactions on cathode) and anodic (●OH produced directly anode), in same reactor was studied to evaluate treatment methylene blue (MB) dye aqueous solutions. This electrochemical system equipped with a commercial carbon felt cathode (9.5cm 12cm), lead dioxide-coated titanium anode...

This study focuses on preventing scale formation in hard waters by controlled electrode-position of Ca2+ and Mg2+ a stainless-steel cathode at constant applied current intensity. The influence the anode material, BDD or Ti/Pt/PbO2, active area, stirring speed, anodic intensity inorganic carbon (IC), Ca2+, removal was investigated. Assays were performed with model water solutions, simulating Bou...