Screen images of old lesbians combine modes of representing female gender, lesbian sexuality, and old age, all of which contain layers of otherness within a hetero-patriarchal and youth-centered society. Analyzing a range of films, from independent to mainstream cinema, this article explores how the ghosted lesbian paradigm intersects with narratives of aging as decline in representations of le...

In his celebrated book, The Meanings of Macho (1992), anthropologist Matthew C. Gutmann explores the changing character of masculinity in Mexico City. Buffeted by economic crisis in the late 1980s, middleclass men and women increasingly had to pool personal incomes to support families. Unable to sustain long-held patriarchal expectations, men made virtue out of necessity. “Women are becoming in...

Since Mary Queen of Scots’ execution in 1587, she has become a symbol Scottish identity, failed female leadership, and Catholic martyrdom. Throughout the twentieth century, was regularly depicted on screen (Ford, 1936; Froelich, 1940; Jarrott, 1971) as thrice-wed queen, unable to rule her country due feminine nature roots. However, with rise third wave feminism postfeminism media, coupled incre...

In the 19th century, hegemonic masculinity and patriarchal system were part of society even became norms that people believed obeyed. Emily Dickinson, a female character in Dickinson series, had to deal with gender discrimination practiced by society, specifically masculine figure. This research aims investigate experienced main season 1, how she challenged notion masculinity. The writer uses d...

The Westernization of black women in the US and throughout diaspora, via ideological apparatuses such as education labour market, is symptomatic West’s attempt to interpellate embourgeois them, post 1970s, fit, converge, with their role professional managers service workers globalization efforts, for equality opportunity, recognition, distribution white male counterparts, spite some obstacles r...

although the status of women in dramatic literature of resistance has always been criticized by critics and researchers of theatre in our country, there has been no change in the authors’ approach or their policy making. it seems that despite diagnosing the problem researchers and writers feel uncertain in how to tackle the problem and change the conditions. the main reason is the lack of knowl...

As a result of the HIV epidemic, masculinities in sub-Saharan Africa have become problematised. There is called for a transformation of masculinities. But what is strategies proposed by, on the one hand, some African theologians and, on the other hand, a local Pentecostal church. The fundamental difference is that the church seeks to transform masculinity within a patriarchal framework while th...