Under condition of oxidative stress, free radical-catalyzed peroxidation docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and adrenic (AdA) generates in vivo neuroprostanes (NeuroPs) dihomo-isoprostanes (dihomo-IsoPs), among a large number key products participating many pathophysiological processes. These non-enzymatic oxygenated metabolites display wide range biological actions (especially DHA-metabolites), some t...

Aging is the major risk factor for numerous brain diseases. This is especially true for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a peculiar neurodegenerative disorder in that it results from the synergy of two simultaneous but distinct degenerating processes: A beta and tau pathologies. For AD, and for most neurodegenerative disorders, aggregation of full length or truncated proteins, in neurons or glial cell...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are key regulators in various age-associated pathophysiological processes related to energy metabolism and oxidative stress. A progressive rise of oxidative stress and related inflammatory reaction appears the hallmarks of the aging process and many age-related diseases. PPARs are important redox-sensitive transcription factors and their dyreg...

A number of in vitro and in vivo observations have implicated plasminogen in contributing to events associated with diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes. The development of gene knockout technology has led to the generation of plasminogen deficient mice. These mice survive to adulthood and are thus a valuable resource for directly assessing its role in these processes. As a re...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA which have been shown to regulate gene expression. The alteration ofmiRNAs expression has been associated with several pathological processes, including neurodegeneration. In the search for easily accessible and non-invasive biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis and prognosis, circulating miRNAs are among the most promising candidates. Som...

Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized pathologically by cholinergic deficits, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, gliosis, and neuronal and synaptic loss. The primary therapeutic approach that has arisen from the pathological analysis of AD brain has been cholinergic augmentation by cholinesterase inhibitors, which modestly improve cognitive function. Research on the underlying pathophy...

The epigenomes of higher organisms constantly change over time. Many of these epigenetic changes are necessary to direct normal cellular development and differentiation in the developing organism. However, developmental abnormalities may occur in response to inappropriate epigenetic signaling that occurs secondarily to still poorly understood causes. In addition to genetic and stochastic influe...