Architectural distortions consist of convergence areas and local retractions at the border of the gland. The authors examine the semiologic features of the distortions and their different causes, together with their pathological anatomy correlations. The predominant benign causes are the proliferative Aschoff body and the main malignant cause is infiltrating lobular carcinoma.

Pregnancies of women displaying achondroplasia are at high risk of adverse events. Early sonographic assessment of affected women can indicate an unusually long cervical length. It is the consequence of pathological anatomy of the pelvis. Thus, there is a foreseeable dystocia owing to cephalopelvic disproportion. Furthermore, this situation could also complicate cervical ripening prior to fetal...

The paper defines neuroleptic malignant syndrome and analyses its incidence, predisposing factors, etiology, pathological anatomy and pathogenetic hypotheses. Symptomatology consists of three principal symptoms: extrapyramidal symptoms, hyperthermia, deregulation of the autonomic nervous system. The differential diagnosis of other similar conditions is outlined together with a proposal for a tr...

cavities and their accessory sinuses. While the anatomy and physiology of the nasal cavities are fairly fully described, but little is said on these subjects with regard to the larynx. Special chapters are occupied by a consideration of " Neoplasms of the Respiratory Tract," and " Related Pathological Conditions of the Nose and the Eye" ; the latter of which, though short, is instructive. A cha...

1) Fellow in Pharyngology at Clínicas Hospital of Medicine College at São Paulo University. Otorhinolaryngologist. 2) PhD in Otorhinolaryngology by Paulista School of Medicine. Preceptor of medical residency in Otorhinolaryngology at Paulista Hospital, São Paulo Brazil. 3) Fellow in Plastic Surgery of the Face at Clínicas Hospital of Medicine College of São Paulo University. Otorhinolaryngologi...

Advanced imaging techniques enable the radiologist to detect an increasing number of structures within the orbit not previously identifiable. We describe the imaging techniques and orbital anatomy with an emphasis on radiologically identifiable structures. In a second review of orbital pathology we present pathological processes that may involve these structures.

A case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus was followed, after a latent period of four weeks, by contralateral hemiparesis. An attempt is made to clarify the anatomical relationships involved in the pathogenesis of postherpetic cerebral complications. Detailed presentation of neuropathological findings in this case may provide evidence of vasculitis in the syndrome, with better understanding of the p...

The maxillary sinus augmentation procedure has been gaining more acceptance among dental professionals. The aim of this review article is to provide an update about various aspects of anatomy, physiology, and common pathological conditions of the maxillary sinus and their clinical relevance to the sinus augmentation procedure and subsequent implant placement.

INTRODUCTION The Odontogenic Primary Intraosseous Carcinoma (PIOC) are a rare group of malignant tumours with strict clinic and anatomy pathological diagnosis criteria. The different classification suggested for these tumours and the small amount of cases described in literature makes it hard to know exactly how many of the cases published until now are real. MATERIAL AND METHODS We present t...

This paper presents a method for nonlinear registration of images, where there exists no one-to-one correspondence in parts of the image. Such a situation occurs for instance in the case where an atlas of normal anatomy shall be matched to pathological data, such as tumors, resections or lesions. Our idea is to use local confidence weights and to model pathological regions with zero confidence....